ATLANTA — After being denied entry at Kennedy Airport without explanation nearly four years ago, the South African Muslim scholar Adam Mahomed Habib was in Atlanta this weekend to give a talk at a sociology conference. His subject? Making democratic governments more accountable to the people.

Mr. Habib, a deputy vice chancellor at the University of Johannesburg, was one of a number of foreign scholars barred in recent years from entering the United States by the Bush administration.

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