Kucinich was anti-abortion for many years but changed his position before the 2004 presidential election, and he now supports Roe v. Wade. He has said that he made the decision with the guidance of ''the women in my life.'' He now advocates making abortion "less necessary" by "creating circumstances that make it less likely abortion will occur," including improving health care, sex education and access to birth control. He has said that "in a democratic society, people must be permitted to make their own choices," and that "the choices of women should not be subordinate to the choices of man."

Kucinich has said that "while our fathers understood well the importance of the separation of church and state, they never meant America to be separate from spiritual values." At the same time, he believes in the separation of church and state and says that federal courts have not gone far enough in requiring the removal of religious symbols from public places. "By removing the trappings of religion from our public schools, courthouses, and other institutions of municipal, state and federal government, we actually increase the freedom of everyone to freely and openly practice the beliefs of their choice," he said. 

Kucinich opposes the death penalty. He says, "Morally, I simply do not believe that we as human beings have the right to 'play God' and take a human life – especially since our human judgments are fallible and often wrong." Kucinich says that his position on the death penalty is "derived from my moral and spiritual convictions." 

In 1998, Kucinich voted against a proposed constitutional amendment to allow organized public prayer in public schools. He has voted against several bills that would have authorized school vouchers, saying that "funds for vouchers compete with funds for overall improvements in America's public schools." In 2001, he voted against a bill to allow school prayer in the wake of Sept. 11 and the U.S. fight against terrorism. He has called for universal free kindergarten and the elimination of No Child Left Behind. 

Kucinich proposes the creation of a Works Green Administration (WGA), modeled on Franklin Roosevelt's Depression-era Works Progress Administration. Kucinich's WGA would aim to create "millions of new jobs" through environmental initiatives. He has also suggested that there is a link between American foreign policy and environmental policy – between "global warring and global warming" – and says the U.S. should lessen its reliance on oil and coal and move toward reliance on wind and solar power. 

In 2003, Kucinich told the Interfaith Alliance that he believes that funding faith-based initiatives with tax dollars can be problematic and that the strings attached to federal funds awarded to religious groups could encroach on the freedom of religion. Instead, he said, he sees peace, health care, education and other matters of social welfare as "faith-based initiatives." Rather than giving money to religious groups, "the work of government ought to be advancing spiritual principles in our everyday life," he said. 

Kucinich supports "marriage equality for all" and has said that "those who happen to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, these are God's children. They should have the same rights." When he first ran for Congress in 1996, Kucinich said he opposed a law to allow same-sex marriage. In 2003, he said that "there should be a federal law that would allow gay couples to be married." 

Kucinich favors universal health care and has proposed expanding Medicare to cover all Americans, eliminating for-profit insurance companies. He has said that currently "Americans are paying for universal health care. They're just not getting it." Kucinich has called health care coverage "a basic right in a Democratic society." 

Kucinich has said that "those who have been here, who have paid their taxes and paid their dues and been part of our economy for the last decade need to have a chance to have a path to citizenship." He has also said that he believes all American children should learn to speak Spanish. 

Kucinich has made ending the war in Iraq one of his major campaign themes. Kucinich voted against the authorization of the use of force in Iraq in 2002 and has voted against funding for the war since then. He has called the war "an illegal war," and he introduced articles of impeachment against Vice President Dick Cheney in April 2007, arguing that Cheney "manipulated the intelligence process ... by fabricating the threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction." Kucinich proposes the creation of a Department of Peace that he said would "make non-violence an organizing principle in our society" based on the "teachings of Christ, of Gandhi, of Dr. King, and of other religious leaders." 

Kucinich advocates the concept of ending the war in Iraq and using the money saved to fight domestic poverty, calling things like homelessness, joblessness and poverty "weapons of mass destruction." In July 2007, Kucinich said that he was in favor of reparations for slavery, saying, "The Bible says we shall and must be repairers of the breach. And a breach has occurred. … It's a breach that has resulted in inequality in opportunities for education, for health care, for housing, for employment." He favors raising the federal minimum wage.

Kucinich is a co-sponsor of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007, which would lift restrictions on federal funds for embryonic stem cell research. He also voted for the 2006 version of the act, which was eventually vetoed by President Bush.