Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by religious group
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who …in hell
Chart
Table
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Buddhist
45%
49%
6%
105
Catholic
60%
32%
8%
2,747
Evangelical Protestant
78%
15%
7%
2,367
Hindu
29%
63%
8%
111
Historically Black Protestant
76%
16%
8%
652
Jewish
15%
77%
8%
428
Mainline Protestant
59%
31%
10%
2,517
Orthodox Christian
52%
33%
14%
102
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
39%
53%
8%
1,668
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are ages…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
25%
37%
26%
11%
6,041
Don't believe
27%
33%
25%
15%
4,011
Other/don't know
16%
33%
32%
19%
955
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
16%
16%
30%
31%
7%
1%
6,041
Don't believe
17%
16%
27%
30%
9%
1%
4,011
Other/don't know
10%
12%
27%
37%
12%
1%
955
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
50%
50%
6,128
Don't believe
47%
53%
4,092
Other/don't know
44%
56%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
62%
15%
4%
16%
4%
6,072
Don't believe
68%
8%
6%
15%
3%
4,040
Other/don't know
64%
11%
6%
15%
5%
964
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
14%
10%
76%
6,040
Don't believe
18%
12%
70%
4,050
Other/don't know
17%
11%
72%
976
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who have a household income of…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
37%
21%
25%
17%
5,493
Don't believe
26%
19%
28%
27%
3,658
Other/don't know
34%
16%
23%
27%
805
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who have completed…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
45%
35%
13%
6%
6,101
Don't believe
31%
29%
22%
17%
4,079
Other/don't know
37%
32%
17%
14%
985
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
44%
9%
15%
5%
27%
6,113
Don't believe
48%
9%
11%
5%
28%
4,075
Other/don't know
49%
7%
14%
7%
23%
981
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
33%
67%
6,110
Don't believe
28%
72%
4,077
Other/don't know
28%
72%
986
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say they…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
74%
22%
3%
1%
< 1%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
43%
30%
11%
< 1%
13%
3%
4,092
Other/don't know
54%
28%
8%
2%
2%
6%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
38%
5%
1%
< 1%
6,128
Don't believe
28%
43%
21%
7%
< 1%
4,092
Other/don't know
44%
41%
12%
2%
1%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who pray…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
58%
23%
9%
9%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
37%
20%
11%
32%
1%
4,092
Other/don't know
50%
21%
10%
16%
3%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who attend prayer group…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
9%
14%
16%
60%
< 1%
6,128
Don't believe
6%
8%
11%
75%
< 1%
4,092
Other/don't know
7%
8%
12%
71%
2%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who meditate…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
34%
9%
5%
51%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
33%
12%
7%
48%
1%
4,092
Other/don't know
34%
10%
8%
44%
3%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
20%
13%
12%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
47%
19%
14%
19%
1%
4,092
Other/don't know
52%
18%
14%
14%
2%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
39%
16%
15%
28%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
46%
17%
15%
22%
1%
4,092
Other/don't know
45%
17%
13%
21%
3%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
32%
9%
50%
7%
2%
6,128
Don't believe
12%
18%
55%
14%
2%
4,092
Other/don't know
18%
13%
56%
7%
6%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
34%
64%
1%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
21%
77%
1%
1%
4,092
Other/don't know
27%
68%
3%
2%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who read scripture…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
28%
17%
15%
40%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
13%
11%
13%
63%
< 1%
4,092
Other/don't know
20%
15%
12%
52%
1%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say the holy scripture is…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
34%
38%
3%
18%
7%
6,128
Don't believe
9%
23%
1%
58%
8%
4,092
Other/don't know
20%
23%
4%
32%
21%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who …in heaven
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
97%
2%
2%
6,128
Don't believe
49%
46%
6%
4,092
Other/don't know
51%
3%
46%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
41%
17%
42%
6,128
Don't believe
28%
16%
56%
4,092
Other/don't know
33%
23%
44%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
39%
36%
19%
6%
6,128
Don't believe
21%
40%
35%
5%
4,092
Other/don't know
32%
39%
21%
8%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who would rather have…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
44%
2%
3%
6,128
Don't believe
46%
48%
3%
3%
4,092
Other/don't know
48%
38%
7%
7%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say government aid to the poor…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
46%
3%
1%
6,128
Don't believe
37%
59%
3%
2%
4,092
Other/don't know
40%
49%
6%
5%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say abortion should be…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
45%
4%
6,128
Don't believe
73%
24%
3%
4,092
Other/don't know
57%
35%
8%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say homosexuality…
Chart
Table
Share
Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
63%
30%
4%
3%
6,128
Don't believe
82%
12%
3%
2%
4,092
Other/don't know
67%
21%
7%
5%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
39%
8%
6,128
Don't believe
76%
18%
6%
4,092
Other/don't know
57%
29%
14%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
42%
55%
2%
2%
6,128
Don't believe
28%
67%
2%
2%
4,092
Other/don't know
37%
53%
4%
6%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who attend services monthly or yearly by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services monthly or yearly who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
24%
33%
3%
36%
3%
6,128
Don't believe
52%
24%
4%
18%
2%
4,092
Other/don't know
32%
25%
11%
24%
9%
994
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.