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Religious Landscape Study

Religious Landscape Study

ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide

Religious composition of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

Christian 14%
Evangelical Protestant 2%
Baptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Southern Baptist Convention< 1%
Independent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Missionary Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Conservative Baptist Association of America< 1%
Free Will Baptist< 1%
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches< 1%
Other Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Methodist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational evangelical< 1%
Nondenominational fundamentalist< 1%
Nondenominational charismatic< 1%
Nondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Interdenominational (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Community Church (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Lutheran Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod< 1%
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod< 1%
Other Lutheran (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Presbyterian Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Presbyterian Church in America< 1%
Other Presbyterian (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Pentecostal Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Assemblies of God< 1%
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)< 1%
Foursquare Church< 1%
Pentecostal Church of God< 1%
Pentecostal Holiness Church< 1%
Calvary Chapel< 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Church of God of the Apostolic Faith< 1%
Other Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Restorationist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Churches of Christ< 1%
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ< 1%
Other Restorationist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Congregationalist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Conservative Congregational Christian Conference< 1%
Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Holiness Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Church of the Nazarene< 1%
Wesleyan Church< 1%
Free Methodist Church< 1%
Christian and Missionary Alliance< 1%
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)< 1%
Other Holiness (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Christian Reformed Church< 1%
Other Reformed (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Adventist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Seventh-day Adventist< 1%
Other Adventist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Anabaptist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Pietist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Other evangelical/fundamentalist family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Mainline Protestant 5%
Baptist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
American Baptist Churches USA< 1%
Other Baptist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Methodist Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
United Methodist Church 1%
Other Methodist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Interdenominational (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Other Nondenominational (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Lutheran Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)< 1%
Other Lutheran (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Presbyterian Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Presbyterian Church (USA)< 1%
Other Presbyterian (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Episcopal Church< 1%
Anglican Church< 1%
Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Restorationist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Disciples of Christ< 1%
Other Restorationist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Congregationalist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
United Church of Christ< 1%
Other Congregationalist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Church in America< 1%
Other Reformed (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Anabaptist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Friends Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Historically Black Protestant< 1%
Baptist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
National Baptist Convention< 1%
Progressive Baptist Convention< 1%
Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Methodist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Church< 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church< 1%
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church< 1%
Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Pentecostal Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Church of God in Christ< 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
United Pentecostal Church International< 1%
Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Holiness Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Catholic 6%
Mormon< 1%
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints< 1%
Other Mormon< 1%
Orthodox Christian< 1%
Greek Orthodox< 1%
Russian Orthodox< 1%
Orthodox Church in America< 1%
Other Orthodox Christian< 1%
Jehovah's Witness< 1%
Other Christian< 1%
Metaphysical Family< 1%
Spiritualist< 1%
Unity Church< 1%
Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad.)< 1%
Others in the "Other Christian" Tradition< 1%
Non-Christian Faiths 8%
Jewish 3%
Muslim< 1%
Buddhist 1%
Hindu< 1%
Other World Religions< 1%
Other Faiths 4%
Unitarians and other liberal faiths in the "Other Faiths" Tradition 2%
Unitarian< 1%
Humanist< 1%
Deist< 1%
Spiritual but not religious 1%
Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs"< 1%
Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family< 1%
New Age 1%
Pagan or Wiccan 1%
Other in the New Age family< 1%
Native American Religions< 1%
Unaffiliated (religious "nones") 76%
Atheist 20%
Agnostic 19%
Nothing in particular 38%
Nothing in particular (religion not important) 32%
Nothing in particular (religion important) 6%
Don't know 2%

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are ages…

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Survey year18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
201430%36%20%14%4,832
200723%38%26%13%3,367
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: age group by religious attendanceage group by belief in heaven

Generational cohort among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
201419%20%27%25%8%1%4,832
2007< 1%17%30%36%14%3%3,367
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: generational group by religious attendancegenerational group by belief in heaven

Gender composition among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearMenWomenSample size
201461%39%4,893
200764%36%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: gender by religious attendancegender by belief in heaven

Racial and ethnic composition among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who identify as…

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Survey yearWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
201476%4%6%11%4%4,826
200779%3%5%9%3%3,376
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: race/ethnicity by religious attendancerace/ethnicity by belief in heaven

Immigrant status among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
201413%13%74%4,850
200714%10%76%3,395
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: immigrant status by religious attendanceimmigrant status by belief in heaven

Income distribution among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who have a household income of…

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Survey yearLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
201425%19%30%27%4,434
200723%21%32%24%2,960
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: household income by religious attendancehousehold income by belief in heaven

Educational distribution among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who have completed…

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Survey yearHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
201430%31%23%16%4,871
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: educational group by religious attendanceeducational group by belief in heaven

Marital status among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
201441%12%12%3%32%4,874
200748%11%12%5%24%3,412
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: marital status by religious attendancemarital status by belief in heaven

Parent of children under 18 among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearParentsNon-parentsSample size
201423%77%4,883
200729%71%3,421
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: parental status by religious attendanceparental status by belief in heaven

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say they…

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Survey yearBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
201412%17%12%1%53%5%4,893
200720%23%12%1%36%8%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in God by religious attendancebelief in God by belief in heaven

Importance of religion in one's life among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say religion is…

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Survey yearVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
20145%12%24%58%1%4,893
20078%17%26%48%1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: importance of religion by religious attendanceimportance of religion by belief in heaven

Frequency of prayer among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who pray…

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Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20149%6%4%80%< 1%4,893
200713%7%6%73%1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of prayer by religious attendancefrequency of prayer by belief in heaven

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who attend prayer group…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20141%1%1%97%< 1%4,893
20072%1%1%96%< 1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: attendance at prayer groups by religious attendanceattendance at prayer groups by belief in heaven

Frequency of meditation among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who meditate…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201425%9%6%59%1%4,893
200726%7%6%60%1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of meditation by religious attendancefrequency of meditation by belief in heaven

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201435%15%10%37%2%4,893
200734%11%10%42%3%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by religious attendancefrequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by belief in heaven

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201448%16%13%21%1%4,893
200743%12%13%30%1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by religious attendancefrequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by belief in heaven

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

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Survey yearReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
20142%20%55%21%2%4,893
20073%21%63%12%2%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: sources of guidance on right and wrong by religious attendancesources of guidance on right and wrong by belief in heaven

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say…

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Survey yearThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201418%80%1%1%4,893
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by religious attendancebelief in existence of standards for right and wrong by belief in heaven

Frequency of reading scripture among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who read scripture…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
20143%3%4%89%< 1%4,893
20074%3%5%87%1%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of reading scripture by religious attendancefrequency of reading scripture by belief in heaven

Interpreting scripture among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say the holy scripture is…

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Survey yearWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
20142%3%< 1%90%4%4,893
20073%5%< 1%85%7%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: interpretation of scripture by religious attendanceinterpretation of scripture by belief in heaven

Belief in Hell among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who …in hell

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Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
20143%96%1%4,893
20074%95%2%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in hell by religious attendancebelief in hell by belief in heaven

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who identify as…

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Survey yearRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
201421%18%60%4,893
200721%19%60%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: political party by religious attendancepolitical party by belief in heaven

Political ideology among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who are…

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Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201414%33%48%5%4,893
200716%36%41%6%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: political ideology by religious attendancepolitical ideology by belief in heaven

Views about size of government among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who would rather have…

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Survey yearSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
201448%45%4%3%4,893
200745%44%5%6%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about size of government by religious attendanceviews about size of government by belief in heaven

Views about government aid to the poor among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say government aid to the poor…

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Survey yearDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201432%63%4%1%4,893
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about government aid to the poor by religious attendanceviews about government aid to the poor by belief in heaven

Views about abortion among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say abortion should be…

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Survey yearLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
201484%13%3%4,893
200781%15%4%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about abortion by religious attendanceviews about abortion by belief in heaven

Views about homosexuality among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say homosexuality…

Chart
Trends
Table
Share
Survey yearShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201489%8%2%2%4,893
200778%15%4%3%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about homosexuality by religious attendanceviews about homosexuality by belief in heaven

Views about same-sex marriage among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who …same-sex marriage

Chart
Table
Share
Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201486%10%4%4,893
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about same-sex marriage by religious attendanceviews about same-sex marriage by belief in heaven

Views about environmental regulation among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say…

Chart
Trends
Table
Share
Survey yearStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201422%74%2%2%4,893
200721%74%2%3%3,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about environmental protection by religious attendanceviews about environmental protection by belief in heaven

Views about human evolution among who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never

% of who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services seldom/never who say humans…

Chart
Table
Share
Survey yearEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
201480%7%3%8%1%4,893
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about human evolution by religious attendanceviews about human evolution by belief in heaven

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