Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201472%21%7%10,485
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who attend services seldom or never by religious group

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who …same-sex marriage

Religious traditionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Buddhist85%15%1%107
Catholic66%25%9%1,326
Evangelical Protestant40%49%12%995
Historically Black Protestant51%41%8%181
Jewish84%11%5%270
Mainline Protestant62%29%9%1,340
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")82%13%5%5,580
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are ages…

Views about same-sex marriage18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Strongly favor/favor30%36%22%11%7,590
Oppose/strongly oppose13%32%30%24%2,061
Don't know12%34%31%23%671
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Strongly favor/favor19%20%28%26%7%1%7,590
Oppose/strongly oppose8%11%28%37%16%2%2,061
Don't know5%12%30%37%15%2%671
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMenWomenSample size
Strongly favor/favor52%48%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose64%36%2,099
Don't know60%40%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Strongly favor/favor74%5%5%12%4%7,603
Oppose/strongly oppose69%11%2%14%4%2,062
Don't know72%8%2%14%4%670
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Strongly favor/favor12%12%76%7,608
Oppose/strongly oppose13%8%79%2,060
Don't know11%10%79%676
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who have a household income of…

Views about same-sex marriageLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Strongly favor/favor32%20%27%22%6,914
Oppose/strongly oppose43%22%22%13%1,815
Don't know46%18%21%15%542
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who have completed…

Views about same-sex marriageHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Strongly favor/favor34%33%20%13%7,656
Oppose/strongly oppose59%29%7%5%2,086
Don't know57%28%10%5%689
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Strongly favor/favor40%12%13%4%32%7,665
Oppose/strongly oppose43%8%18%10%22%2,085
Don't know39%9%18%11%23%684
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageParentsNon-parentsSample size
Strongly favor/favor25%75%7,674
Oppose/strongly oppose23%77%2,092
Don't know23%77%694
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say they…

Views about same-sex marriageBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Strongly favor/favor28%25%11%1%30%5%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose60%21%7%1%8%3%2,099
Don't know52%23%6%2%12%4%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say religion is…

Views about same-sex marriageVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor13%24%25%37%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose40%30%15%14%1%2,099
Don't know28%32%15%22%4%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who pray…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor21%12%6%60%< 1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose44%14%7%34%1%2,099
Don't know39%16%7%35%3%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who attend prayer group…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor2%1%2%95%< 1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose8%3%3%85%< 1%2,099
Don't know7%3%2%87%1%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who meditate…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%9%5%60%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose31%6%4%58%2%2,099
Don't know35%7%3%53%2%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor40%16%12%31%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose44%13%10%32%2%2,099
Don't know44%14%10%29%4%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor46%16%14%24%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose40%13%12%34%2%2,099
Don't know42%12%9%32%4%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Views about same-sex marriageReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor5%18%58%17%2%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose26%7%56%9%2%2,099
Don't know15%9%61%8%7%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say…

Views about same-sex marriageThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor20%79%1%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose33%64%1%2%2,099
Don't know27%65%5%3%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who read scripture…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor6%5%5%84%< 1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose19%7%7%66%1%2,099
Don't know16%7%7%68%1%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say the holy scripture is…

Views about same-sex marriageWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor6%13%1%73%7%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose32%23%3%34%7%2,099
Don't know17%21%4%41%17%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who …in heaven

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor40%51%9%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose70%22%8%2,099
Don't know59%23%18%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who …in hell

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor29%63%8%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose57%33%9%2,099
Don't know47%36%17%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Strongly favor/favor23%20%58%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose46%20%33%2,099
Don't know33%36%31%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who are…

Views about same-sex marriageConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor16%36%42%6%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose45%29%18%9%2,099
Don't know35%28%17%20%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who would rather have…

Views about same-sex marriageSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor45%47%4%4%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose61%32%2%4%2,099
Don't know52%30%6%11%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say government aid to the poor…

Views about same-sex marriageDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor33%61%4%2%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose57%38%4%2%2,099
Don't know45%40%9%7%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say abortion should be…

Views about same-sex marriageLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor80%17%3%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose46%49%5%2,099
Don't know49%29%22%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say homosexuality…

Views about same-sex marriageShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor95%3%1%1%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose30%61%5%4%2,099
Don't know47%15%17%21%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say…

Views about same-sex marriageStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor25%71%2%2%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose50%44%2%4%2,099
Don't know43%41%7%10%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who attend services seldom or never by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who attend services seldom or never who say humans…

Views about same-sex marriageEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor65%17%4%12%2%7,690
Oppose/strongly oppose28%23%5%38%6%2,099
Don't know32%22%11%23%12%696
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.