Belief in God among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say they…
Survey year | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 42% | 26% | 10% | 1% | 17% | 4% | 3,881 |
2007 | 53% | 24% | 6% | 1% | 11% | 6% | 3,367 |
Learn More: Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, Believe in God; not too/not at all certain, Do not believe in God
Belief in God among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by religious group
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say they…
Religious tradition | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catholic | 60% | 28% | 7% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 738 |
Evangelical Protestant | 68% | 26% | 3% | < 1% | 1% | 2% | 408 |
Historically Black Protestant | 84% | 15% | < 1% | < 1% | < 1% | 1% | 111 |
Jewish | 27% | 25% | 24% | < 1% | 22% | 2% | 144 |
Mainline Protestant | 51% | 37% | 8% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 647 |
Unaffiliated (religious "nones") | 19% | 21% | 15% | 1% | 37% | 7% | 1,396 |
Learn More: Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, Believe in God; not too/not at all certain, Do not believe in God
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are ages…
Belief in God | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 28% | 35% | 25% | 13% | 1,546 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 32% | 33% | 23% | 12% | 1,004 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 45% | 32% | 16% | 8% | 370 |
Do not believe in God | 39% | 33% | 17% | 11% | 714 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 38% | 34% | 15% | 13% | 161 |
Generational cohort among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 17% | 17% | 28% | 28% | 9% | 1% | 1,546 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 21% | 19% | 26% | 27% | 7% | 1% | 1,004 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 33% | 19% | 24% | 19% | 5% | < 1% | 370 |
Do not believe in God | 27% | 20% | 24% | 20% | 7% | 1% | 714 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 28% | 21% | 23% | 18% | 9% | 1% | 161 |
Gender composition among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Men | Women | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 47% | 53% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 53% | 47% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 60% | 40% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 69% | 31% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 57% | 43% | 166 |
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who identify as…
Belief in God | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 60% | 14% | 4% | 18% | 4% | 1,543 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 70% | 5% | 5% | 16% | 5% | 1,009 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 65% | 4% | 10% | 18% | 4% | 372 |
Do not believe in God | 77% | 3% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 716 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 78% | 3% | 4% | 13% | 3% | 162 |
Immigrant status among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 16% | 12% | 71% | 1,544 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 16% | 13% | 71% | 1,011 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 16% | 20% | 64% | 372 |
Do not believe in God | 14% | 15% | 72% | 715 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 13% | 11% | 76% | 165 |
Income distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who have a household income of…
Belief in God | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 37% | 18% | 26% | 19% | 1,410 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 28% | 20% | 26% | 26% | 906 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 26% | 17% | 26% | 30% | 344 |
Do not believe in God | 22% | 16% | 30% | 32% | 671 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 30% | 10% | 33% | 27% | 132 |
Educational distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who have completed…
Belief in God | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 33% | 33% | 21% | 13% | 1,556 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 31% | 30% | 21% | 18% | 1,018 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 27% | 32% | 22% | 18% | 375 |
Do not believe in God | 19% | 29% | 29% | 23% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 15% | 42% | 25% | 19% | 164 |
Marital status among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 43% | 9% | 15% | 5% | 28% | 1,557 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 42% | 10% | 10% | 4% | 34% | 1,020 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 32% | 10% | 9% | 2% | 46% | 374 |
Do not believe in God | 39% | 11% | 10% | 2% | 39% | 721 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 31% | 9% | 14% | 4% | 41% | 164 |
Parent of children under 18 among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 29% | 71% | 1,562 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 27% | 73% | 1,021 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 19% | 81% | 374 |
Do not believe in God | 19% | 81% | 720 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 17% | 83% | 165 |
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say religion is…
Belief in God | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 56% | 31% | 6% | 6% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 20% | 47% | 23% | 9% | < 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 9% | 32% | 38% | 20% | < 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 2% | 9% | 24% | 64% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 8% | 19% | 39% | 31% | 3% | 166 |
Attendance at religious services among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who attend religious services…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 32% | 43% | 25% | < 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 14% | 45% | 40% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 5% | 35% | 59% | < 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 2% | 20% | 78% | 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 3% | 29% | 66% | 1% | 166 |
Frequency of prayer among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who pray…
Belief in God | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 62% | 22% | 5% | 10% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 31% | 26% | 13% | 29% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 15% | 17% | 12% | 57% | < 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 2% | 2% | 3% | 93% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 11% | 6% | 8% | 73% | 2% | 166 |
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who attend prayer group…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 19% | 12% | 12% | 56% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 9% | 7% | 8% | 76% | < 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 5% | 4% | 5% | 86% | < 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 1% | 2% | 1% | 95% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 4% | 6% | 5% | 82% | 3% | 166 |
Frequency of meditation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who meditate…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 52% | 10% | 4% | 33% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 37% | 13% | 5% | 44% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 28% | 13% | 8% | 49% | 2% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 25% | 11% | 6% | 58% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 25% | 16% | 6% | 51% | 2% | 166 |
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 64% | 17% | 8% | 10% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 47% | 22% | 13% | 18% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 32% | 23% | 13% | 31% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 36% | 18% | 10% | 33% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 37% | 15% | 13% | 28% | 6% | 166 |
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 56% | 14% | 11% | 18% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 55% | 16% | 14% | 14% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 61% | 17% | 9% | 13% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 52% | 20% | 15% | 13% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 54% | 22% | 14% | 9% | 1% | 166 |
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say…
Belief in God | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 28% | 69% | 2% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 23% | 75% | 2% | < 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 18% | 80% | 1% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 17% | 81% | 1% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 16% | 81% | 2% | 1% | 166 |
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who read scripture…
Belief in God | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 35% | 16% | 10% | 39% | < 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 13% | 11% | 12% | 63% | < 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 7% | 7% | 10% | 75% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 3% | 5% | 6% | 85% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 9% | 7% | 5% | 76% | 2% | 166 |
Interpreting scripture among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is…
Belief in God | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 23% | 35% | 2% | 32% | 9% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 7% | 25% | < 1% | 60% | 7% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 4% | 8% | < 1% | 82% | 7% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | < 1% | 1% | < 1% | 97% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | < 1% | 2% | 1% | 74% | 23% | 166 |
Belief in Heaven among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …in heaven
Belief in God | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 78% | 15% | 8% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 60% | 29% | 11% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 34% | 52% | 14% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 3% | 95% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 17% | 47% | 36% | 166 |
Belief in Hell among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …in hell
Belief in God | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 56% | 35% | 8% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 40% | 53% | 8% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 22% | 69% | 9% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 3% | 95% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 13% | 59% | 28% | 166 |
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who identify as…
Belief in God | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 34% | 17% | 49% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 31% | 16% | 53% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 19% | 18% | 63% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 12% | 14% | 74% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 20% | 15% | 65% | 166 |
Political ideology among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…
Belief in God | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 30% | 37% | 29% | 4% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 17% | 41% | 38% | 4% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 14% | 39% | 45% | 2% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 7% | 29% | 61% | 3% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 13% | 33% | 48% | 5% | 166 |
Views about size of government among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who would rather have…
Belief in God | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 50% | 44% | 4% | 3% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 46% | 50% | 2% | 3% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 46% | 48% | 3% | 3% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 37% | 56% | 3% | 4% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 41% | 38% | 9% | 12% | 166 |
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say government aid to the poor…
Belief in God | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 39% | 55% | 5% | 1% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 31% | 65% | 3% | 1% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 30% | 66% | 2% | 2% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 22% | 74% | 3% | 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 26% | 65% | 7% | 2% | 166 |
Views about abortion among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say abortion should be…
Belief in God | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 57% | 39% | 4% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 72% | 25% | 3% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 82% | 17% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 89% | 9% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 79% | 17% | 4% | 166 |
Views about homosexuality among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say homosexuality…
Belief in God | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 74% | 20% | 4% | 2% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 86% | 9% | 3% | 2% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 89% | 9% | 1% | < 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 96% | 2% | 2% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 88% | 8% | 2% | 2% | 166 |
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …same-sex marriage
Belief in God | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 65% | 28% | 7% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 81% | 14% | 5% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 88% | 9% | 3% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 95% | 4% | 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 86% | 11% | 3% | 166 |
Views about environmental regulation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say…
Belief in God | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 33% | 63% | 2% | 2% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 21% | 74% | 2% | 2% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 22% | 74% | 3% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 15% | 82% | 1% | 2% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 22% | 67% | 7% | 4% | 166 |
Views about human evolution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by belief in God
% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say humans…
Belief in God | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Believe in God; absolutely certain | 29% | 36% | 5% | 26% | 4% | 1,563 |
Believe in God; fairly certain | 56% | 27% | 6% | 10% | 2% | 1,023 |
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | 75% | 10% | 6% | 8% | 1% | 376 |
Do not believe in God | 91% | 3% | 1% | 4% | < 1% | 722 |
Other/don't know if they believe in God | 72% | 5% | 14% | 4% | 4% | 166 |