DemographicInformation

Age distribution among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are ages…

Survey year18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
201427%33%25%15%1,955
200722%41%24%12%1,982
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
201417%15%28%29%10%1%1,955
2007< 1%18%31%36%12%3%1,982
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearMenWomenSample size
201450%50%1,989
200752%48%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who identify as…

Survey yearWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
201466%10%2%18%4%1,969
200768%8%3%18%3%2,012
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
201416%12%72%1,963
200716%10%74%2,009
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who have a household income of…

Survey yearLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
201434%18%26%23%1,775
200725%20%31%24%1,722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who have completed…

Survey yearHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
201433%31%21%15%1,981
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
201445%9%13%6%28%1,983
200752%8%11%6%23%2,023
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearParentsNon-parentsSample size
201430%70%1,986
200735%65%2,026
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say they…

Survey yearBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
201461%29%6%1%1%2%1,989
200768%24%4%1%2%2%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say religion is…

Survey yearVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
201447%38%10%3%1%1,989
200748%39%10%3%< 1%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who attend religious services…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201431%47%22%1%1,989
200734%44%22%< 1%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who pray…

Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201452%25%8%14%< 1%1,989
200755%23%7%14%1%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who attend prayer group…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201417%12%11%60%< 1%1,989
200715%9%9%66%1%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who meditate…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201444%10%5%40%1%1,989
200740%9%6%43%2%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201455%20%11%14%1%1,989
200748%19%15%16%3%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201451%16%13%19%1%1,989
200746%15%15%21%3%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say…

Survey yearThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201428%70%1%1%1,989
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who read scripture…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201429%15%12%43%< 1%1,989
200726%13%11%49%1%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say the holy scripture is…

Survey yearWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
201420%35%1%35%8%1,989
200721%31%2%35%12%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who …in heaven

Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201478%14%8%1,989
200773%17%10%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who …in hell

Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201458%35%8%1,989
200751%37%12%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who identify as…

Survey yearRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
201437%14%48%1,989
200733%14%53%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who are…

Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201429%38%29%3%1,989
200729%42%24%4%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who would rather have…

Survey yearSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
201451%44%3%2%1,989
200744%47%4%4%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say government aid to the poor…

Survey yearDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201440%55%4%1%1,989
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say abortion should be…

Survey yearLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
201460%37%3%1,989
200759%35%5%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say homosexuality…

Survey yearShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201475%19%4%2%1,989
200764%27%4%5%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who …same-sex marriage

Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201466%28%6%1,989
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say…

Survey yearStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201432%64%2%2%1,989
200727%67%2%3%2,031
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian

% of who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are Christian who say humans…

Survey yearEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
201436%33%4%24%3%1,989
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.