Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by religious group
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who …in hell
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Buddhist
27%
67%
5%
160
Catholic
58%
33%
8%
4,669
Evangelical Protestant
75%
17%
8%
2,790
Hindu
31%
62%
7%
119
Historically Black Protestant
73%
17%
10%
572
Jewish
14%
77%
8%
548
Mainline Protestant
55%
34%
11%
3,642
Mormon
57%
32%
11%
116
Orthodox Christian
43%
44%
13%
109
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
23%
68%
8%
6,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
23%
35%
27%
15%
8,521
Don't believe
26%
34%
23%
17%
9,750
Other/don't know
18%
32%
29%
21%
1,779
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
14%
15%
28%
32%
9%
1%
8,521
Don't believe
16%
17%
26%
29%
10%
1%
9,750
Other/don't know
11%
13%
26%
35%
13%
2%
1,779
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
50%
50%
8,647
Don't believe
54%
46%
9,910
Other/don't know
49%
51%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
68%
10%
3%
14%
4%
8,563
Don't believe
75%
5%
5%
12%
3%
9,774
Other/don't know
71%
8%
4%
13%
5%
1,790
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
12%
10%
78%
8,519
Don't believe
13%
13%
73%
9,817
Other/don't know
13%
11%
76%
1,800
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
37%
21%
25%
16%
7,547
Don't believe
26%
19%
29%
26%
8,862
Other/don't know
36%
21%
22%
21%
1,491
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
46%
33%
13%
7%
8,609
Don't believe
31%
30%
22%
16%
9,867
Other/don't know
41%
32%
16%
11%
1,822
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
45%
8%
14%
6%
26%
8,615
Don't believe
45%
10%
11%
5%
29%
9,868
Other/don't know
44%
8%
14%
8%
26%
1,819
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
29%
71%
8,621
Don't believe
24%
76%
9,884
Other/don't know
23%
77%
1,829
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
68%
24%
4%
1%
1%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
28%
25%
11%
1%
32%
4%
9,910
Other/don't know
45%
29%
10%
2%
5%
10%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
47%
38%
11%
4%
< 1%
8,647
Don't believe
16%
26%
24%
33%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
34%
34%
18%
12%
2%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
18%
45%
37%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
7%
32%
61%
< 1%
9,910
Other/don't know
14%
37%
48%
1%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who pray…
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
50%
22%
9%
19%
< 1%
8,647
Don't believe
22%
13%
7%
57%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
38%
18%
7%
33%
3%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
7%
4%
59%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
29%
10%
6%
55%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
31%
8%
5%
53%
3%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
18%
12%
19%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
42%
16%
12%
29%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
45%
15%
12%
25%
3%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
37%
15%
14%
33%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
47%
16%
14%
23%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
43%
16%
13%
25%
3%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
27%
9%
54%
7%
2%
8,647
Don't believe
7%
18%
57%
17%
2%
9,910
Other/don't know
14%
12%
59%
8%
6%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
32%
66%
1%
1%
8,647
Don't believe
20%
78%
1%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
25%
69%
3%
2%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who read scripture…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
19%
11%
10%
60%
< 1%
8,647
Don't believe
7%
5%
7%
81%
< 1%
9,910
Other/don't know
14%
7%
9%
68%
1%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
28%
36%
3%
26%
8%
8,647
Don't believe
5%
13%
1%
75%
6%
9,910
Other/don't know
13%
20%
4%
43%
20%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who …in heaven
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
96%
2%
2%
8,647
Don't believe
31%
64%
5%
9,910
Other/don't know
42%
3%
55%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
40%
18%
42%
8,647
Don't believe
25%
18%
57%
9,910
Other/don't know
32%
25%
43%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who are…
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
36%
36%
21%
7%
8,647
Don't believe
18%
36%
41%
5%
9,910
Other/don't know
29%
36%
23%
12%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who would rather have…
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
53%
41%
3%
4%
8,647
Don't believe
49%
45%
3%
3%
9,910
Other/don't know
50%
36%
7%
8%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say government aid to the poor…
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
45%
3%
2%
8,647
Don't believe
35%
60%
3%
1%
9,910
Other/don't know
40%
49%
6%
5%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
53%
42%
4%
8,647
Don't believe
78%
18%
3%
9,910
Other/don't know
60%
31%
9%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say homosexuality…
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
66%
27%
4%
3%
8,647
Don't believe
86%
10%
2%
2%
9,910
Other/don't know
71%
16%
6%
6%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who …same-sex marriage
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
56%
37%
8%
8,647
Don't believe
81%
14%
5%
9,910
Other/don't know
60%
27%
13%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say…
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
41%
54%
2%
3%
8,647
Don't believe
26%
70%
2%
2%
9,910
Other/don't know
34%
54%
5%
7%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups by belief in hell
% of adults who seldom or never attend prayer groups who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
27%
32%
4%
32%
4%
8,647
Don't believe
65%
16%
4%
13%
2%
9,910
Other/don't know
39%
21%
11%
19%
10%
1,838
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.