Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201418%37%40%5%12,132
200720%40%35%5%9,963
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

Political ideology among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by religious group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Religious traditionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Buddhist13%35%48%4%202
Catholic23%40%32%4%2,068
Evangelical Protestant29%40%26%5%636
Hindu12%38%44%6%119
Historically Black Protestant24%39%30%7%177
Jewish8%33%58%2%513
Mainline Protestant24%39%33%4%1,841
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")15%36%44%6%5,713
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are ages…

Political ideology18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Conservative23%31%27%18%2,072
Moderate29%36%23%12%4,402
Liberal31%35%21%12%5,004
Don't know34%40%18%8%474
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Political ideologyYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Conservative16%13%26%33%12%1%2,072
Moderate18%19%28%27%8%1%4,402
Liberal19%20%27%26%7%1%5,004
Don't know22%22%30%21%5%1%474
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Political ideologyMenWomenSample size
Conservative66%34%2,107
Moderate60%40%4,464
Liberal47%53%5,062
Don't know59%41%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who identify as…

Political ideologyWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Conservative73%6%4%13%3%2,066
Moderate72%6%6%13%4%4,403
Liberal72%6%6%12%4%5,010
Don't know63%8%6%16%6%476
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Political ideologyImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Conservative12%12%76%2,088
Moderate14%12%74%4,426
Liberal14%14%71%5,017
Don't know17%11%72%477
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who have a household income of…

Political ideologyLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Conservative28%20%30%22%1,886
Moderate24%19%30%27%4,028
Liberal26%18%28%27%4,665
Don't know49%17%21%13%378
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who have completed…

Political ideologyHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Conservative44%31%16%8%2,100
Moderate29%33%23%15%4,453
Liberal24%30%25%21%5,045
Don't know50%33%10%7%484
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Political ideologyMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Conservative48%10%13%5%24%2,096
Moderate45%9%11%4%31%4,453
Liberal41%12%12%3%32%5,042
Don't know34%12%9%5%39%494
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who are…

Political ideologyParentsNon-parentsSample size
Conservative26%74%2,102
Moderate27%73%4,447
Liberal25%75%5,053
Don't know28%72%497
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say they…

Political ideologyBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Conservative37%30%10%1%18%4%2,107
Moderate27%32%14%< 1%22%5%4,464
Liberal23%25%12%1%34%5%5,062
Don't know31%22%12%2%26%7%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say religion is…

Political ideologyVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Conservative23%34%22%21%1%2,107
Moderate16%33%26%25%1%4,464
Liberal14%26%24%36%1%5,062
Don't know17%26%20%35%2%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who attend religious services…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative12%35%52%< 1%2,107
Moderate9%37%53%< 1%4,464
Liberal8%29%63%< 1%5,062
Don't know9%26%63%2%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who pray…

Political ideologyAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative30%17%8%44%1%2,107
Moderate24%15%9%52%1%4,464
Liberal21%13%8%57%< 1%5,062
Don't know26%13%6%53%2%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who attend prayer group…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative7%4%6%83%< 1%2,107
Moderate4%3%5%87%< 1%4,464
Liberal4%4%4%88%< 1%5,062
Don't know6%4%5%84%1%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who meditate…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative29%8%3%58%1%2,107
Moderate28%10%6%55%1%4,464
Liberal31%11%6%51%1%5,062
Don't know26%10%3%58%3%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative41%17%12%29%1%2,107
Moderate42%17%14%27%1%4,464
Liberal43%18%11%27%1%5,062
Don't know37%11%8%39%6%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative43%16%14%27%< 1%2,107
Moderate45%17%16%21%1%4,464
Liberal53%17%13%16%1%5,062
Don't know41%13%11%33%2%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Political ideologyReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Conservative10%13%63%13%1%2,107
Moderate5%18%60%15%2%4,464
Liberal5%22%51%20%2%5,062
Don't know8%11%64%11%6%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say…

Political ideologyThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative31%66%1%1%2,107
Moderate20%78%1%< 1%4,464
Liberal14%84%1%1%5,062
Don't know23%70%5%2%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who read scripture…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative12%8%8%71%< 1%2,107
Moderate8%7%8%77%< 1%4,464
Liberal7%6%7%80%< 1%5,062
Don't know7%5%6%80%1%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who …in heaven

Political ideologyBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative53%38%9%2,107
Moderate44%46%10%4,464
Liberal32%61%8%5,062
Don't know40%43%16%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who …in hell

Political ideologyBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative38%54%9%2,107
Moderate28%63%8%4,464
Liberal19%75%6%5,062
Don't know28%58%14%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who identify as…

Political ideologyRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Conservative60%16%24%2,107
Moderate29%19%51%4,464
Liberal7%11%82%5,062
Don't know12%62%26%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who would rather have…

Political ideologySmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Conservative73%24%1%2%2,107
Moderate59%33%4%4%4,464
Liberal29%64%4%3%5,062
Don't know48%37%7%8%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say government aid to the poor…

Political ideologyDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative63%32%4%1%2,107
Moderate40%55%4%1%4,464
Liberal18%79%2%1%5,062
Don't know44%45%6%5%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say abortion should be…

Political ideologyLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Conservative62%34%4%2,107
Moderate79%18%3%4,464
Liberal87%11%2%5,062
Don't know65%25%9%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say homosexuality…

Political ideologyShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative70%23%4%3%2,107
Moderate88%8%2%1%4,464
Liberal93%5%1%1%5,062
Don't know75%13%6%5%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who …same-sex marriage

Political ideologyStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Conservative59%33%8%2,107
Moderate82%13%5%4,464
Liberal92%6%2%5,062
Don't know67%15%18%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say…

Political ideologyStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative52%44%2%2%2,107
Moderate26%69%3%2%4,464
Liberal13%85%1%1%5,062
Don't know37%52%5%6%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men by political ideology

% of adults who say their holy scripture is not the word of God, but written by men who say humans…

Political ideologyEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Conservative49%24%4%20%3%2,107
Moderate65%19%4%11%1%4,464
Liberal74%13%4%7%1%5,062
Don't know51%15%10%19%6%499
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.