Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201428%9%8%54%< 1%17,827
200725%9%8%57%1%20,430
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among married adults by religious group

% of married adults who attend prayer group…

Religious traditionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Buddhist12%13%19%57%< 1%103
Catholic18%9%10%63%< 1%3,810
Evangelical Protestant49%13%9%29%< 1%4,853
Hindu7%13%24%56%< 1%131
Historically Black Protestant53%14%8%25%< 1%626
Jehovah's Witness86%2%6%5%2%124
Jewish20%9%14%56%1%498
Mainline Protestant20%10%9%60%1%3,444
Mormon74%6%3%17%< 1%454
Muslim32%12%17%39%< 1%110
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")4%2%3%90%< 1%3,150
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are ages…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least once a week7%38%34%21%4,751
Once or twice a month10%44%29%17%1,504
Several times a year8%40%32%20%1,489
Seldom/never7%40%33%20%9,627
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least once a week2%10%33%40%15%1%4,751
Once or twice a month3%14%37%35%11%< 1%1,504
Several times a year2%13%33%38%13%< 1%1,489
Seldom/never2%11%34%40%12%1%9,627
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsMenWomenSample size
At least once a week45%55%4,867
Once or twice a month47%53%1,548
Several times a year50%50%1,523
Seldom/never52%48%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who identify as…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least once a week67%12%3%14%3%4,798
Once or twice a month65%10%4%18%3%1,523
Several times a year72%7%7%11%3%1,505
Seldom/never79%4%4%11%3%9,662
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least once a week17%6%77%4,821
Once or twice a month20%6%74%1,529
Several times a year20%5%75%1,509
Seldom/never13%9%78%9,704
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who have a household income of…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least once a week25%21%34%20%4,173
Once or twice a month23%18%34%25%1,366
Several times a year18%21%34%27%1,324
Seldom/never17%18%34%32%8,577
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who have completed…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least once a week40%30%19%11%4,835
Once or twice a month37%30%19%14%1,540
Several times a year31%29%23%17%1,511
Seldom/never34%29%21%16%9,755
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least once a week40%60%4,837
Once or twice a month48%52%1,538
Several times a year42%58%1,516
Seldom/never38%62%9,758
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say they…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least once a week92%7%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%4,867
Once or twice a month81%15%2%1%1%1%1,548
Several times a year77%18%3%1%1%1%1,523
Seldom/never50%26%7%1%13%3%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say religion is…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least once a week93%5%< 1%1%1%4,867
Once or twice a month80%17%2%< 1%1%1,548
Several times a year71%25%3%1%1%1,523
Seldom/never34%33%17%15%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who attend religious services…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week89%8%3%< 1%4,867
Once or twice a month59%37%4%< 1%1,548
Several times a year44%51%5%< 1%1,523
Seldom/never15%40%44%< 1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who pray…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week91%7%1%1%< 1%4,867
Once or twice a month78%15%3%3%1%1,548
Several times a year70%18%5%5%1%1,523
Seldom/never38%19%8%34%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who meditate…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week64%6%2%26%3%4,867
Once or twice a month47%12%5%35%1%1,548
Several times a year40%10%8%40%2%1,523
Seldom/never29%8%5%58%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week87%7%3%2%1%4,867
Once or twice a month74%15%7%4%1%1,548
Several times a year62%18%13%6%1%1,523
Seldom/never47%17%13%22%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week55%14%9%20%2%4,867
Once or twice a month45%20%13%20%2%1,548
Several times a year43%16%18%22%1%1,523
Seldom/never38%16%15%29%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least once a week70%4%21%3%3%4,867
Once or twice a month53%8%32%5%3%1,548
Several times a year42%9%39%7%3%1,523
Seldom/never19%12%56%12%2%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week55%42%1%1%4,867
Once or twice a month47%51%1%1%1,548
Several times a year42%56%1%< 1%1,523
Seldom/never30%68%1%1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who read scripture…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week84%7%2%6%1%4,867
Once or twice a month56%23%8%13%1%1,548
Several times a year36%16%26%22%< 1%1,523
Seldom/never12%8%9%71%< 1%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week59%26%5%5%4%4,867
Once or twice a month47%34%3%12%5%1,548
Several times a year33%37%4%19%7%1,523
Seldom/never16%27%2%48%8%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who …in heaven

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week85%7%8%4,867
Once or twice a month85%8%6%1,548
Several times a year84%11%5%1,523
Seldom/never63%29%8%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who …in hell

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week76%16%8%4,867
Once or twice a month75%18%7%1,548
Several times a year68%24%8%1,523
Seldom/never46%45%8%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who identify as…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least once a week54%18%29%4,867
Once or twice a month51%14%35%1,548
Several times a year47%16%37%1,523
Seldom/never39%16%45%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least once a week59%23%12%6%4,867
Once or twice a month48%31%17%4%1,548
Several times a year46%35%15%5%1,523
Seldom/never32%37%26%5%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who would rather have…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least once a week64%30%3%3%4,867
Once or twice a month60%34%3%2%1,548
Several times a year59%35%3%4%1,523
Seldom/never57%36%3%4%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week55%38%5%2%4,867
Once or twice a month53%42%4%1%1,548
Several times a year50%44%4%2%1,523
Seldom/never48%47%3%2%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say abortion should be…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least once a week26%70%4%4,867
Once or twice a month38%59%3%1,548
Several times a year46%50%4%1,523
Seldom/never65%32%4%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say homosexuality…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week29%63%5%4%4,867
Once or twice a month48%43%5%4%1,548
Several times a year51%40%5%4%1,523
Seldom/never74%20%3%3%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least once a week21%72%7%4,867
Once or twice a month39%54%7%1,548
Several times a year43%50%8%1,523
Seldom/never64%29%7%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week50%44%3%3%4,867
Once or twice a month45%50%2%3%1,548
Several times a year43%53%2%2%1,523
Seldom/never36%60%2%2%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among married adults by attendance at prayer groups

% of married adults who say humans…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least once a week8%23%3%61%5%4,867
Once or twice a month17%28%3%47%4%1,548
Several times a year21%31%5%39%4%1,523
Seldom/never44%25%5%23%4%9,795
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.