Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Hell

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201421%35%38%6%12,839
200724%39%31%6%10,938
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious traditionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Buddhist11%33%52%3%192
Catholic28%39%28%5%2,080
Evangelical Protestant38%34%22%6%957
Hindu12%38%49%2%118
Historically Black Protestant35%33%26%6%225
Jehovah's Witness19%18%10%52%215
Jewish13%32%53%2%637
Mainline Protestant25%41%29%4%2,056
Mormon60%25%13%2%227
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")14%34%46%6%5,272
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are ages…

Political ideology18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Conservative19%29%28%24%2,580
Moderate24%35%24%17%4,471
Liberal28%35%22%14%4,943
Don't know30%31%24%16%607
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Political ideologyYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Conservative13%11%25%35%15%2%2,580
Moderate15%16%28%29%10%1%4,471
Liberal17%19%27%27%9%1%4,943
Don't know17%18%25%28%10%1%607
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Political ideologyMenWomenSample size
Conservative56%44%2,634
Moderate54%46%4,548
Liberal47%53%5,000
Don't know47%53%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Political ideologyWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Conservative72%8%3%14%3%2,581
Moderate72%6%5%13%4%4,488
Liberal72%6%5%13%4%4,951
Don't know57%12%6%20%5%632
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Political ideologyImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Conservative14%12%74%2,611
Moderate15%12%73%4,515
Liberal16%14%70%4,957
Don't know20%9%71%626
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Political ideologyLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Conservative30%20%29%21%2,283
Moderate24%21%29%25%4,059
Liberal28%17%28%27%4,617
Don't know47%22%19%12%464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have completed…

Political ideologyHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Conservative44%30%16%9%2,620
Moderate31%32%22%16%4,539
Liberal25%28%25%22%4,985
Don't know53%30%11%6%634
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Political ideologyMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Conservative51%8%13%7%20%2,618
Moderate47%8%11%5%28%4,533
Liberal43%11%12%4%30%4,984
Don't know42%8%11%8%31%649
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Political ideologyParentsNon-parentsSample size
Conservative27%73%2,627
Moderate26%74%4,532
Liberal25%75%4,990
Don't know26%74%655
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they…

Political ideologyBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Conservative53%23%6%1%14%2%2,634
Moderate36%27%11%< 1%22%4%4,548
Liberal27%23%11%1%35%4%5,000
Don't know53%15%6%2%21%3%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say religion is…

Political ideologyVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Conservative44%25%15%15%1%2,634
Moderate25%30%21%23%1%4,548
Liberal19%23%22%35%1%5,000
Don't know40%19%13%26%2%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative29%32%39%< 1%2,634
Moderate16%36%47%< 1%4,548
Liberal12%30%58%< 1%5,000
Don't know32%24%43%1%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who pray…

Political ideologyAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative47%15%6%32%1%2,634
Moderate31%15%8%45%1%4,548
Liberal25%12%7%55%1%5,000
Don't know44%11%4%39%2%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative20%6%7%67%< 1%2,634
Moderate9%5%7%79%< 1%4,548
Liberal8%5%5%83%< 1%5,000
Don't know27%5%6%60%2%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who meditate…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative38%8%4%49%1%2,634
Moderate32%10%6%51%1%4,548
Liberal34%11%6%48%1%5,000
Don't know41%8%2%46%3%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative54%14%9%22%1%2,634
Moderate47%17%12%24%1%4,548
Liberal45%17%11%26%1%5,000
Don't know53%10%7%26%4%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative46%14%13%26%1%2,634
Moderate46%17%15%22%1%4,548
Liberal53%17%13%17%< 1%5,000
Don't know45%11%10%30%4%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Political ideologyReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Conservative26%10%52%10%2%2,634
Moderate10%17%56%15%2%4,548
Liberal8%23%48%19%2%5,000
Don't know28%8%50%8%6%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Political ideologyThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative36%62%1%1%2,634
Moderate22%77%1%1%4,548
Liberal15%84%1%1%5,000
Don't know32%62%3%3%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who read scripture…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative29%8%8%54%1%2,634
Moderate15%8%9%68%< 1%4,548
Liberal11%7%7%74%< 1%5,000
Don't know32%7%4%57%1%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Political ideologyWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative20%27%2%45%7%2,634
Moderate8%20%1%64%7%4,548
Liberal6%11%< 1%78%6%5,000
Don't know20%17%5%47%11%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …in heaven

Political ideologyBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative52%43%6%2,634
Moderate42%53%5%4,548
Liberal27%68%4%5,000
Don't know39%51%10%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Political ideologyRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Conservative59%17%24%2,634
Moderate29%20%51%4,548
Liberal7%12%81%5,000
Don't know9%71%20%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who would rather have…

Political ideologySmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Conservative70%27%2%1%2,634
Moderate57%36%3%4%4,548
Liberal27%66%4%3%5,000
Don't know42%40%5%14%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Political ideologyDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative61%34%3%1%2,634
Moderate39%56%4%2%4,548
Liberal17%79%2%1%5,000
Don't know40%47%8%6%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Political ideologyLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Conservative53%42%5%2,634
Moderate75%22%3%4,548
Liberal84%14%2%5,000
Don't know50%40%10%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Political ideologyShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative61%30%5%4%2,634
Moderate84%11%3%2%4,548
Liberal91%7%1%1%5,000
Don't know58%29%6%7%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Political ideologyStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Conservative51%40%8%2,634
Moderate78%16%6%4,548
Liberal89%8%3%5,000
Don't know50%34%16%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Political ideologyStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative51%43%2%3%2,634
Moderate28%67%3%2%4,548
Liberal13%84%1%2%5,000
Don't know30%55%5%10%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say humans…

Political ideologyEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Conservative37%23%4%32%4%2,634
Moderate57%20%4%17%2%4,548
Liberal71%14%4%10%2%5,000
Don't know32%14%8%35%10%657
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.