Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Religious traditionWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Catholic57%3%3%34%2%4,430
Evangelical Protestant76%6%2%12%5%6,890
Historically Black Protestant2%94%< 1%3%1%1,554
Jewish82%4%2%10%3%142
Mainline Protestant85%4%1%6%4%3,293
Mormon83%< 1%2%10%4%378
Muslim38%28%27%5%3%169
Orthodox Christian83%7%5%2%3%100
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")58%17%4%16%5%1,668
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: White, Black, Asian, Latino, Other/Mixed

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…

Racial and ethnic composition18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
White17%32%29%21%12,772
Black25%36%26%12%2,401
Asian39%34%18%9%415
Latino29%45%19%7%2,215
Other/Mixed29%35%26%10%818
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
White11%12%27%35%14%1%12,772
Black16%15%30%30%8%1%2,401
Asian26%22%25%21%5%1%415
Latino19%19%36%21%5%< 1%2,215
Other/Mixed18%17%28%29%7%< 1%818
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionMenWomenSample size
White48%52%12,965
Black44%56%2,460
Asian53%47%430
Latino48%52%2,252
Other/Mixed44%56%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
White3%6%91%12,848
Black10%5%85%2,408
Asian69%25%6%416
Latino55%22%24%2,205
Other/Mixed7%8%85%812
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Racial and ethnic compositionLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
White30%21%30%18%11,304
Black52%22%18%8%2,194
Asian31%18%31%19%363
Latino58%20%15%7%1,911
Other/Mixed45%24%19%12%738
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…

Racial and ethnic compositionHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
White42%34%16%8%12,914
Black49%34%11%6%2,445
Asian26%26%30%18%427
Latino63%26%8%3%2,236
Other/Mixed40%42%12%7%829
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
White57%5%12%8%18%12,927
Black30%6%17%8%39%2,451
Asian47%4%7%3%39%429
Latino41%11%15%3%30%2,243
Other/Mixed39%7%15%5%33%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionParentsNon-parentsSample size
White28%72%12,929
Black32%68%2,451
Asian31%69%427
Latino43%57%2,243
Other/Mixed31%69%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…

Racial and ethnic compositionBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
White80%16%2%1%1%1%12,965
Black89%9%1%1%< 1%< 1%2,460
Asian62%22%10%2%4%< 1%430
Latino67%27%4%1%1%1%2,252
Other/Mixed81%15%2%< 1%< 1%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…

Racial and ethnic compositionVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
White66%26%6%2%< 1%12,965
Black82%13%3%2%< 1%2,460
Asian55%31%11%3%< 1%430
Latino69%24%3%3%1%2,252
Other/Mixed69%23%4%3%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White46%33%20%1%12,965
Black52%35%13%< 1%2,460
Asian38%44%18%< 1%430
Latino47%34%19%< 1%2,252
Other/Mixed43%34%22%< 1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White67%17%5%10%1%12,965
Black77%13%4%5%1%2,460
Asian56%18%7%19%< 1%430
Latino65%18%6%10%1%2,252
Other/Mixed72%15%4%8%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White30%10%10%49%< 1%12,965
Black44%15%8%32%1%2,460
Asian25%13%16%46%< 1%430
Latino32%15%10%43%1%2,252
Other/Mixed33%9%10%48%< 1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White39%7%3%49%2%12,965
Black54%8%3%33%2%2,460
Asian37%12%5%44%2%430
Latino51%9%5%32%2%2,252
Other/Mixed47%8%3%41%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White64%15%9%11%1%12,965
Black72%12%6%9%1%2,460
Asian54%16%15%14%2%430
Latino65%15%9%10%1%2,252
Other/Mixed70%12%5%11%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White42%17%13%27%2%12,965
Black43%15%10%30%2%2,460
Asian37%19%19%24%1%430
Latino50%14%14%21%2%2,252
Other/Mixed49%15%11%25%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Racial and ethnic compositionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
White46%6%41%4%2%12,965
Black48%6%40%4%2%2,460
Asian33%13%40%12%2%430
Latino42%9%36%11%2%2,252
Other/Mixed43%7%41%5%3%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Racial and ethnic compositionThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White45%53%1%1%12,965
Black30%68%1%1%2,460
Asian27%72%1%< 1%430
Latino30%66%2%2%2,252
Other/Mixed34%64%1%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White44%11%9%35%1%12,965
Black59%13%7%19%1%2,460
Asian30%14%11%44%< 1%430
Latino45%13%10%31%1%2,252
Other/Mixed50%10%8%30%1%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Racial and ethnic compositionWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
White40%36%3%15%6%12,965
Black59%23%3%10%6%2,460
Asian32%31%3%27%7%430
Latino48%27%3%17%5%2,252
Other/Mixed40%32%4%17%7%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven

Racial and ethnic compositionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
White95%2%3%12,965
Black97%2%1%2,460
Asian94%4%3%430
Latino95%3%2%2,252
Other/Mixed94%2%4%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Racial and ethnic compositionRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
White58%15%27%12,965
Black10%11%79%2,460
Asian35%23%42%430
Latino26%26%48%2,252
Other/Mixed30%25%45%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
White51%31%12%5%12,965
Black33%34%25%7%2,460
Asian30%37%27%6%430
Latino36%31%26%6%2,252
Other/Mixed37%34%21%8%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…

Racial and ethnic compositionSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
White68%26%2%3%12,965
Black23%71%3%3%2,460
Asian39%59%2%1%430
Latino27%67%3%3%2,252
Other/Mixed46%45%3%6%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Racial and ethnic compositionDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White58%37%4%2%12,965
Black28%66%4%2%2,460
Asian45%51%2%2%430
Latino41%52%4%2%2,252
Other/Mixed39%53%5%3%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Racial and ethnic compositionLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
White40%56%3%12,965
Black50%44%6%2,460
Asian51%46%3%430
Latino39%56%4%2,252
Other/Mixed50%46%5%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Racial and ethnic compositionShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White49%44%4%3%12,965
Black49%43%5%3%2,460
Asian59%35%2%3%430
Latino61%31%5%3%2,252
Other/Mixed53%37%5%5%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Racial and ethnic compositionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
White39%54%7%12,965
Black38%54%8%2,460
Asian52%43%5%430
Latino48%43%9%2,252
Other/Mixed45%47%8%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Racial and ethnic compositionStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White48%47%2%3%12,965
Black35%60%2%3%2,460
Asian38%60%1%1%430
Latino38%55%2%4%2,252
Other/Mixed40%54%2%3%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by race/ethnicity

% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…

Racial and ethnic compositionEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
White18%30%3%45%4%12,965
Black16%31%3%46%4%2,460
Asian32%25%2%38%3%430
Latino25%28%3%39%5%2,252
Other/Mixed18%31%4%43%4%834
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.