Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Heaven

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Survey yearReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
201441%8%43%6%2%24,337
200734%7%52%4%3%25,775
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Heaven by religious group

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Religious traditionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Catholic33%9%47%9%2%6,083
Evangelical Protestant59%5%31%3%2%7,452
Historically Black Protestant48%6%41%4%2%1,761
Jehovah's Witness75%2%15%3%6%126
Jewish32%12%46%7%2%288
Mainline Protestant33%9%50%6%2%4,683
Mormon66%3%24%4%3%626
Muslim39%10%36%11%4%202
Orthodox Christian32%12%48%6%3%138
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")15%12%61%10%3%2,430
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are ages…

Sources of guidance on right and wrong18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Religion16%33%29%21%10,109
Philosophy/reason34%33%22%12%1,860
Common sense22%34%27%17%9,884
Science27%38%23%12%1,388
Don't know18%28%29%25%608
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Religion10%12%27%35%14%1%10,109
Philosophy/reason22%18%27%25%8%1%1,860
Common sense14%14%28%32%11%1%9,884
Science18%16%32%26%8%< 1%1,388
Don't know10%11%25%34%19%1%608
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongMenWomenSample size
Religion41%59%10,345
Philosophy/reason49%51%1,888
Common sense47%53%10,049
Science52%48%1,410
Don't know52%48%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who identify as…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Religion64%15%2%15%4%10,218
Philosophy/reason62%11%6%18%4%1,875
Common sense67%14%3%13%4%9,929
Science52%10%6%28%4%1,397
Don't know67%11%3%15%5%610
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Religion14%8%78%10,206
Philosophy/reason18%13%70%1,865
Common sense12%10%78%9,914
Science29%12%59%1,385
Don't know15%7%78%627
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who have a household income of…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Religion37%21%27%15%8,906
Philosophy/reason36%19%24%21%1,685
Common sense38%21%26%16%8,778
Science39%21%23%17%1,245
Don't know39%23%24%14%470
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who have completed…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Religion44%33%15%8%10,288
Philosophy/reason37%32%19%13%1,880
Common sense47%33%13%7%9,998
Science43%26%18%13%1,400
Don't know41%33%16%10%636
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Religion55%4%13%8%19%10,295
Philosophy/reason40%11%11%5%33%1,883
Common sense46%8%13%7%25%10,017
Science42%8%13%4%32%1,405
Don't know47%4%14%13%21%634
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongParentsNon-parentsSample size
Religion31%69%10,295
Philosophy/reason29%71%1,885
Common sense30%70%10,022
Science32%68%1,405
Don't know26%74%637
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say they…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Religion90%9%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%10,345
Philosophy/reason61%29%7%1%1%1%1,888
Common sense68%25%4%1%1%1%10,049
Science54%34%8%1%3%1%1,410
Don't know81%15%1%3%1%< 1%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say religion is…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Religion89%10%1%< 1%< 1%10,345
Philosophy/reason46%37%12%5%< 1%1,888
Common sense49%38%10%4%< 1%10,049
Science44%37%13%6%< 1%1,410
Don't know71%19%3%3%5%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who attend religious services…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion66%25%9%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason28%45%27%1%1,888
Common sense27%44%28%< 1%10,049
Science26%44%29%1%1,410
Don't know45%31%20%3%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who pray…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion84%11%2%3%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason52%24%9%15%< 1%1,888
Common sense54%22%8%15%1%10,049
Science45%24%9%22%< 1%1,410
Don't know72%15%3%7%3%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who attend prayer group…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion47%13%9%30%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason16%11%11%61%< 1%1,888
Common sense16%9%9%64%< 1%10,049
Science16%11%10%63%< 1%1,410
Don't know29%11%7%49%4%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who meditate…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion54%7%3%34%2%10,345
Philosophy/reason42%10%4%43%1%1,888
Common sense34%8%4%52%1%10,049
Science34%11%5%49%2%1,410
Don't know50%6%3%35%6%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion79%11%5%5%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason54%19%10%15%1%1,888
Common sense53%18%12%16%1%10,049
Science50%16%15%18%2%1,410
Don't know69%8%6%11%6%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion48%16%11%23%2%10,345
Philosophy/reason52%16%12%19%1%1,888
Common sense38%17%14%30%1%10,049
Science42%15%16%25%1%1,410
Don't know48%11%12%23%6%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion49%48%1%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason27%71%1%1%1,888
Common sense28%70%1%1%10,049
Science24%73%1%1%1,410
Don't know32%55%6%6%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who read scripture…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion65%11%6%17%1%10,345
Philosophy/reason28%15%11%46%< 1%1,888
Common sense26%12%11%50%1%10,049
Science22%12%11%55%1%1,410
Don't know46%12%8%31%3%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say the holy scripture is…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Religion56%31%4%5%4%10,345
Philosophy/reason21%36%1%34%8%1,888
Common sense28%35%2%27%8%10,049
Science28%29%1%35%6%1,410
Don't know29%29%13%12%17%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who …in hell

Sources of guidance on right and wrongBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Religion84%11%5%10,345
Philosophy/reason67%29%5%1,888
Common sense72%22%6%10,049
Science69%26%5%1,410
Don't know70%17%13%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who identify as…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Religion49%17%34%10,345
Philosophy/reason35%15%49%1,888
Common sense37%18%44%10,049
Science29%18%53%1,410
Don't know34%30%36%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Religion54%27%13%6%10,345
Philosophy/reason28%39%29%4%1,888
Common sense34%38%21%7%10,049
Science30%36%29%5%1,410
Don't know38%31%17%14%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who would rather have…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Religion56%38%3%3%10,345
Philosophy/reason49%46%3%2%1,888
Common sense52%43%2%3%10,049
Science39%57%1%2%1,410
Don't know44%31%9%16%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say government aid to the poor…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion51%43%4%2%10,345
Philosophy/reason38%56%4%1%1,888
Common sense48%47%3%2%10,049
Science41%55%2%2%1,410
Don't know36%40%13%11%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say abortion should be…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Religion30%66%4%10,345
Philosophy/reason59%38%3%1,888
Common sense58%38%4%10,049
Science60%36%4%1,410
Don't know39%45%16%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say homosexuality…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion37%54%5%4%10,345
Philosophy/reason76%20%3%1%1,888
Common sense68%25%4%3%10,049
Science75%21%2%2%1,410
Don't know44%33%10%13%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Sources of guidance on right and wrongStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Religion28%65%7%10,345
Philosophy/reason68%26%5%1,888
Common sense57%35%8%10,049
Science64%30%6%1,410
Don't know37%42%21%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion46%48%3%3%10,345
Philosophy/reason31%65%2%2%1,888
Common sense41%54%2%3%10,049
Science34%62%1%2%1,410
Don't know32%46%7%14%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Heaven by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who believe in Heaven who say humans…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Religion9%28%2%56%5%10,345
Philosophy/reason35%34%4%24%3%1,888
Common sense28%32%4%32%4%10,049
Science44%25%3%26%3%1,410
Don't know10%26%14%29%21%645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.