State among adults who believe in Hell

% of adults who believe in Hell who are in…

Survey yearAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingSample size
20142%< 1%2%1%11%1%1%< 1%< 1%6%4%< 1%< 1%4%2%1%1%2%2%< 1%2%1%3%2%1%2%< 1%1%1%< 1%3%1%5%4%< 1%4%1%1%4%< 1%2%< 1%3%9%1%< 1%3%2%1%2%< 1%19,167
20072%< 1%1%1%9%1%1%< 1%< 1%5%3%< 1%< 1%4%3%1%1%2%2%< 1%2%2%3%2%1%3%< 1%1%1%< 1%2%1%5%4%< 1%5%2%1%5%< 1%2%< 1%3%7%1%< 1%3%2%1%2%< 1%20,461
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

State among adults who believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who believe in Hell who are in…

Religious traditionAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingSample size
Catholic< 1%< 1%2%1%17%1%2%< 1%< 1%6%1%< 1%< 1%5%2%1%1%1%2%< 1%1%3%3%2%< 1%2%< 1%1%1%1%4%1%9%1%< 1%3%1%1%5%1%1%< 1%1%9%< 1%< 1%2%2%< 1%2%< 1%4,475
Evangelical Protestant3%< 1%2%2%9%2%1%< 1%< 1%6%5%< 1%< 1%3%3%1%1%3%1%< 1%1%1%3%1%2%3%< 1%1%1%< 1%1%1%3%4%< 1%4%2%1%3%< 1%2%< 1%5%10%< 1%< 1%3%2%1%2%< 1%6,978
Historically Black Protestant4%< 1%< 1%1%5%< 1%1%< 1%1%8%8%< 1%< 1%4%1%< 1%< 1%1%5%< 1%5%1%4%1%4%2%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%3%< 1%4%7%< 1%4%1%< 1%3%< 1%4%< 1%3%8%< 1%< 1%4%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%1,557
Jewish< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%10%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%15%2%< 1%< 1%4%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%2%2%1%1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%15%< 1%28%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%1%2%< 1%1%< 1%1%3%< 1%< 1%2%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%144
Mainline Protestant2%< 1%2%1%7%1%1%< 1%< 1%6%2%< 1%1%4%3%2%2%1%1%1%2%1%4%3%1%2%< 1%1%1%< 1%2%1%5%4%< 1%5%2%1%7%< 1%2%1%2%7%< 1%< 1%3%2%2%2%< 1%3,327
Mormon< 1%1%7%1%10%3%1%< 1%< 1%3%2%1%7%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%1%1%< 1%1%2%1%< 1%1%< 1%2%1%2%1%< 1%1%1%2%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%5%26%< 1%4%5%< 1%< 1%1%381
Muslim1%< 1%1%< 1%11%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%2%1%< 1%1%8%< 1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%3%4%4%3%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%11%< 1%15%2%< 1%4%1%1%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%3%7%1%< 1%4%1%1%2%< 1%173
Orthodox Christian< 1%3%1%< 1%10%< 1%< 1%1%1%8%3%< 1%1%7%1%< 1%1%< 1%1%< 1%3%2%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%1%< 1%8%< 1%16%7%< 1%1%< 1%3%5%< 1%2%< 1%< 1%5%< 1%< 1%3%1%< 1%1%< 1%101
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")1%< 1%3%1%10%1%1%< 1%< 1%7%3%1%1%3%3%1%1%2%1%< 1%1%2%4%1%1%2%< 1%1%1%1%2%1%7%3%< 1%5%1%1%4%< 1%2%< 1%2%8%1%< 1%3%2%1%2%< 1%1,699
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…

State18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Alabama18%34%29%19%357
Alaska22%42%28%8%141
Arizona23%36%25%16%328
Arkansas23%32%25%20%226
California24%38%25%14%1,635
Colorado19%38%26%17%231
Connecticut15%38%32%15%157
Delaware20%33%28%19%167
District of Columbia28%34%21%17%122
Florida20%32%27%21%1,070
Georgia24%35%25%17%619
Hawaii25%32%22%21%143
Idaho18%38%30%14%168
Illinois21%35%27%17%698
Indiana21%32%31%16%412
Iowa22%33%26%18%191
Kansas24%34%25%16%190
Kentucky19%35%28%18%316
Louisiana24%33%24%19%317
Maine15%40%31%14%123
Maryland21%36%29%14%299
Massachusetts18%34%33%16%224
Michigan19%36%29%17%563
Minnesota20%34%27%18%299
Mississippi18%34%28%20%242
Missouri19%32%29%19%408
Montana21%28%33%18%145
Nebraska23%33%27%17%189
Nevada20%34%27%18%149
New Hampshire23%32%28%18%116
New Jersey17%35%30%18%415
New Mexico20%33%26%21%148
New York23%34%26%18%871
North Carolina23%34%27%17%656
North Dakota25%27%29%20%213
Ohio19%34%29%18%659
Oklahoma21%35%27%17%255
Oregon23%31%26%20%170
Pennsylvania19%33%29%20%746
Rhode Island21%28%32%19%138
South Carolina23%33%26%19%324
South Dakota23%35%26%16%186
Tennessee18%33%29%20%473
Texas24%37%25%15%1,579
Utah36%39%18%7%135
Virginia20%35%28%17%488
Washington23%35%24%17%293
West Virginia18%28%31%23%227
Wisconsin18%34%33%15%318
Wyoming18%37%30%14%180
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Alabama13%12%28%34%12%1%357
Alaska15%16%33%29%5%2%141
Arizona15%16%29%28%11%1%328
Arkansas16%10%29%32%13%< 1%226
California17%15%31%28%9%1%1,635
Colorado7%20%30%31%12%< 1%231
Connecticut12%9%32%36%11%< 1%157
Delaware14%11%28%33%14%< 1%167
District of Columbia15%17%30%23%14%1%122
Florida13%12%27%32%14%2%1,070
Georgia16%12%31%30%11%< 1%619
Hawaii19%14%24%31%9%2%143
Idaho11%13%33%34%10%< 1%168
Illinois14%14%28%31%12%1%698
Indiana15%12%26%34%11%1%412
Iowa16%12%27%31%12%1%191
Kansas16%17%26%31%9%1%190
Kentucky9%16%29%34%10%1%316
Louisiana14%18%25%29%13%1%317
Maine4%15%35%36%9%1%123
Maryland13%13%30%32%10%1%299
Massachusetts13%12%27%38%9%1%224
Michigan12%12%30%34%11%1%563
Minnesota11%16%27%34%12%1%299
Mississippi11%12%30%33%14%< 1%242
Missouri13%14%25%34%13%1%408
Montana9%19%22%37%14%< 1%145
Nebraska15%14%27%31%11%2%189
Nevada14%12%28%34%11%1%149
New Hampshire17%8%29%32%13%1%116
New Jersey11%11%30%34%12%2%415
New Mexico11%14%28%35%12%< 1%148
New York14%15%28%31%11%1%871
North Carolina13%16%28%33%10%1%656
North Dakota13%18%20%36%9%4%213
Ohio12%14%28%34%12%1%659
Oklahoma14%14%28%31%11%2%255
Oregon14%13%27%31%13%2%170
Pennsylvania13%12%27%33%14%1%746
Rhode Island11%15%23%37%12%2%138
South Carolina16%11%28%34%11%< 1%324
South Dakota13%20%25%30%11%1%186
Tennessee10%13%28%35%13%1%473
Texas14%16%30%28%10%1%1,579
Utah22%23%30%20%5%1%135
Virginia10%15%30%33%12%< 1%488
Washington17%14%28%30%9%2%293
West Virginia13%8%25%37%16%2%227
Wisconsin11%15%27%36%10%1%318
Wyoming10%16%30%35%9%< 1%180
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateMenWomenSample size
Alabama45%55%367
Alaska47%53%144
Arizona47%53%330
Arkansas46%54%232
California48%52%1,669
Colorado52%48%235
Connecticut42%58%160
Delaware46%54%168
District of Columbia44%56%132
Florida46%54%1,087
Georgia45%55%634
Hawaii51%49%146
Idaho48%52%171
Illinois44%56%713
Indiana46%54%417
Iowa53%47%192
Kansas45%55%192
Kentucky47%53%321
Louisiana47%53%318
Maine44%56%123
Maryland51%49%304
Massachusetts52%48%231
Michigan48%52%571
Minnesota51%49%303
Mississippi46%54%243
Missouri48%52%413
Montana46%54%149
Nebraska50%50%191
Nevada45%55%154
New Hampshire43%57%118
New Jersey51%49%432
New Mexico50%50%149
New York47%53%886
North Carolina46%54%664
North Dakota54%46%218
Ohio48%52%669
Oklahoma49%51%258
Oregon50%50%170
Pennsylvania47%53%756
Rhode Island44%56%141
South Carolina46%54%332
South Dakota51%49%191
Tennessee47%53%483
Texas47%53%1,612
Utah56%44%139
Virginia44%56%503
Washington48%52%302
West Virginia49%51%229
Wisconsin45%55%327
Wyoming55%45%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

StateWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Alabama69%26%< 1%2%3%362
Alaska63%6%4%4%23%140
Arizona61%4%2%29%5%324
Arkansas78%15%1%5%2%230
California35%8%12%42%3%1,649
Colorado69%6%2%21%3%233
Connecticut66%9%2%20%3%159
Delaware64%27%3%6%1%166
District of Columbia20%64%1%13%2%130
Florida56%17%1%23%3%1,076
Georgia57%32%1%7%4%627
Hawaii20%6%46%11%18%144
Idaho92%2%1%5%< 1%168
Illinois63%17%2%14%3%702
Indiana83%10%< 1%5%2%413
Iowa91%4%1%3%1%192
Kansas78%7%3%9%4%191
Kentucky88%9%< 1%1%2%320
Louisiana61%32%< 1%4%3%315
Maine93%3%1%2%2%122
Maryland48%35%2%9%6%299
Massachusetts67%13%3%15%2%226
Michigan77%15%1%3%4%566
Minnesota82%8%< 1%4%7%298
Mississippi59%38%< 1%1%1%241
Missouri81%12%1%3%3%410
Montana90%< 1%1%3%6%147
Nebraska83%5%1%10%2%190
Nevada45%12%4%28%11%154
New Hampshire94%1%< 1%1%3%116
New Jersey56%17%3%19%5%424
New Mexico43%1%2%42%12%149
New York53%19%6%18%5%870
North Carolina64%24%1%7%4%661
North Dakota89%< 1%1%2%8%213
Ohio83%12%1%3%2%661
Oklahoma73%8%< 1%4%15%254
Oregon82%1%2%10%5%166
Pennsylvania80%10%2%6%1%748
Rhode Island76%5%< 1%12%7%140
South Carolina64%28%< 1%5%2%329
South Dakota90%< 1%< 1%2%7%191
Tennessee78%17%< 1%3%2%479
Texas47%14%2%33%4%1,592
Utah77%2%1%15%5%136
Virginia65%20%5%7%4%493
Washington74%4%4%10%7%298
West Virginia93%3%< 1%< 1%3%226
Wisconsin85%7%1%4%2%323
Wyoming87%1%< 1%9%4%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Alabama3%4%93%362
Alaska9%9%82%140
Arizona15%10%75%328
Arkansas4%< 1%95%231
California36%16%48%1,640
Colorado13%7%80%232
Connecticut20%14%66%155
Delaware13%7%81%166
District of Columbia19%7%73%127
Florida23%12%65%1,065
Georgia7%5%88%622
Hawaii21%15%63%142
Idaho10%5%86%171
Illinois12%11%77%706
Indiana4%5%91%417
Iowa6%3%91%190
Kansas5%7%89%191
Kentucky1%< 1%98%316
Louisiana2%3%95%316
Maine3%11%86%122
Maryland11%10%79%298
Massachusetts23%16%61%229
Michigan5%6%88%565
Minnesota7%3%90%302
Mississippi1%1%99%240
Missouri4%3%93%406
Montana1%4%95%146
Nebraska10%4%87%188
Nevada25%13%63%151
New Hampshire8%12%80%116
New Jersey22%18%60%422
New Mexico15%6%79%145
New York27%18%55%864
North Carolina8%3%89%658
North Dakota4%5%91%216
Ohio4%6%90%665
Oklahoma4%2%94%255
Oregon9%10%81%170
Pennsylvania6%6%88%741
Rhode Island19%12%69%140
South Carolina5%5%90%331
South Dakota4%2%94%190
Tennessee5%3%92%475
Texas20%11%70%1,596
Utah9%6%85%137
Virginia11%6%83%491
Washington15%9%76%297
West Virginia2%2%96%227
Wisconsin4%6%89%321
Wyoming5%9%86%179
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…

StateLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Alabama38%24%23%15%318
Alaska25%25%29%21%124
Arizona37%20%31%12%293
Arkansas43%19%24%14%207
California43%17%23%16%1,434
Colorado30%19%29%21%207
Connecticut35%22%24%19%141
Delaware25%28%27%20%144
District of Columbia39%22%26%13%111
Florida41%23%21%14%935
Georgia38%22%25%15%561
Hawaii38%22%20%21%124
Idaho23%32%28%16%159
Illinois35%20%29%16%611
Indiana40%20%28%12%359
Iowa28%23%34%15%172
Kansas33%29%27%11%173
Kentucky49%15%26%10%280
Louisiana43%17%25%15%278
Maine41%31%23%5%103
Maryland22%24%34%20%262
Massachusetts40%17%21%22%193
Michigan41%19%28%12%498
Minnesota29%19%32%20%269
Mississippi46%21%22%11%213
Missouri36%31%21%12%373
Montana28%24%29%18%137
Nebraska30%24%26%19%168
Nevada34%31%24%11%136
New Jersey31%22%24%23%368
New Mexico40%25%26%9%123
New York39%19%26%16%736
North Carolina42%20%24%13%577
North Dakota22%23%33%22%195
Ohio41%22%26%12%598
Oklahoma37%21%29%12%218
Oregon39%26%24%11%151
Pennsylvania37%25%23%15%655
Rhode Island41%20%32%7%116
South Carolina39%21%29%11%280
South Dakota25%26%34%15%172
Tennessee41%23%22%14%420
Texas40%20%24%16%1,391
Utah24%24%30%22%122
Virginia27%24%33%16%445
Washington34%23%26%17%268
West Virginia44%20%28%8%201
Wisconsin31%21%33%15%283
Wyoming29%31%26%14%171
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…

StateHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Alabama45%35%13%6%364
Alaska44%39%11%7%144
Arizona43%36%12%8%329
Arkansas51%32%12%4%229
California47%33%13%6%1,656
Colorado36%36%20%9%234
Connecticut46%30%13%10%158
Delaware49%30%12%10%168
District of Columbia38%28%20%14%126
Florida46%35%13%7%1,078
Georgia46%30%14%10%629
Hawaii42%37%15%5%145
Idaho37%43%13%7%171
Illinois46%32%14%8%709
Indiana49%33%12%6%416
Iowa40%37%16%8%191
Kansas39%41%13%7%191
Kentucky52%32%9%7%318
Louisiana51%30%15%4%317
Maine45%37%16%2%123
Maryland41%30%16%13%303
Massachusetts47%28%17%8%229
Michigan44%36%13%7%566
Minnesota36%34%23%7%301
Mississippi42%38%15%5%243
Missouri46%35%14%6%413
Montana36%42%16%6%148
Nebraska39%33%19%9%190
Nevada52%29%10%9%154
New Hampshire40%36%14%11%118
New Jersey44%28%17%11%429
New Mexico54%31%12%3%149
New York46%30%14%10%883
North Carolina46%34%12%8%663
North Dakota34%35%20%10%218
Ohio50%31%12%7%666
Oklahoma49%32%13%7%257
Oregon42%41%11%7%169
Pennsylvania51%27%15%7%754
Rhode Island54%26%12%8%140
South Carolina49%32%13%6%332
South Dakota39%36%16%9%189
Tennessee51%30%11%8%479
Texas46%32%15%6%1,605
Utah32%41%18%8%139
Virginia42%33%17%8%500
Washington37%41%17%5%300
West Virginia58%27%10%5%227
Wisconsin41%37%17%5%325
Wyoming42%35%18%6%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Alabama52%1%20%7%19%364
Alaska53%8%7%4%27%144
Arizona47%8%15%5%25%329
Arkansas54%5%14%11%16%230
California45%9%14%5%27%1,662
Colorado62%7%8%6%18%234
Connecticut39%10%17%7%27%159
Delaware52%6%11%8%23%168
District of Columbia26%7%17%11%40%128
Florida47%8%16%6%23%1,080
Georgia48%5%15%8%24%634
Hawaii45%7%11%8%28%146
Idaho66%4%14%4%12%171
Illinois47%6%12%6%29%710
Indiana46%4%15%10%25%414
Iowa62%6%9%4%19%192
Kansas54%6%9%7%23%192
Kentucky53%4%16%8%19%321
Louisiana47%5%14%7%27%317
Maine46%11%19%6%17%122
Maryland43%4%13%8%32%304
Massachusetts42%9%18%6%24%230
Michigan52%8%10%7%22%567
Minnesota54%5%10%6%25%303
Mississippi45%4%18%7%27%242
Missouri48%7%13%10%22%412
Montana60%8%9%5%18%149
Nebraska52%6%14%6%22%191
Nevada44%8%16%8%24%154
New Hampshire52%10%6%6%27%118
New Jersey45%7%15%6%26%431
New Mexico48%7%18%5%23%148
New York46%5%11%7%31%880
North Carolina51%6%12%6%26%663
North Dakota51%3%10%12%24%217
Ohio49%6%12%8%25%666
Oklahoma54%7%15%9%15%257
Oregon49%5%14%8%24%170
Pennsylvania52%7%9%9%23%752
Rhode Island41%6%21%12%20%141
South Carolina46%9%16%7%21%330
South Dakota50%10%10%8%23%191
Tennessee57%7%11%6%19%481
Texas51%6%15%7%22%1,606
Utah58%11%4%3%24%139
Virginia54%5%15%8%18%501
Washington52%5%11%8%25%300
West Virginia50%7%17%10%16%229
Wisconsin59%3%12%5%21%326
Wyoming58%6%17%2%16%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateParentsNon-parentsSample size
Alabama30%70%364
Alaska38%62%143
Arizona32%68%330
Arkansas33%67%232
California35%65%1,662
Colorado34%66%233
Connecticut25%75%159
Delaware33%67%168
District of Columbia31%69%129
Florida28%72%1,082
Georgia32%68%632
Hawaii32%68%146
Idaho32%68%168
Illinois28%72%711
Indiana28%72%416
Iowa35%65%192
Kansas39%61%190
Kentucky28%72%320
Louisiana37%63%317
Maine28%72%123
Maryland25%75%303
Massachusetts27%73%230
Michigan32%68%568
Minnesota29%71%303
Mississippi29%71%242
Missouri32%68%409
Montana22%78%148
Nebraska29%71%190
Nevada26%74%153
New Hampshire23%77%117
New Jersey29%71%428
New Mexico29%71%149
New York26%74%885
North Carolina29%71%662
North Dakota25%75%218
Ohio33%67%667
Oklahoma32%68%258
Oregon32%68%170
Pennsylvania28%72%753
Rhode Island22%78%141
South Carolina28%72%331
South Dakota31%69%191
Tennessee33%67%483
Texas37%63%1,606
Utah43%57%138
Virginia30%70%500
Washington28%72%301
West Virginia24%76%229
Wisconsin36%64%326
Wyoming33%67%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…

StateBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Alabama89%9%< 1%1%< 1%1%367
Alaska73%24%2%< 1%1%< 1%144
Arizona77%18%2%< 1%1%< 1%330
Arkansas85%13%1%< 1%< 1%1%232
California70%22%4%1%1%1%1,669
Colorado78%16%3%1%< 1%2%235
Connecticut69%25%2%1%3%< 1%160
Delaware72%24%3%< 1%1%< 1%168
District of Columbia78%21%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%132
Florida80%16%3%1%1%1%1,087
Georgia87%10%2%< 1%< 1%1%634
Hawaii73%18%6%2%1%< 1%146
Idaho78%18%2%< 1%< 1%2%171
Illinois78%18%3%1%< 1%< 1%713
Indiana75%19%2%1%1%1%417
Iowa83%12%3%2%< 1%1%192
Kansas76%20%2%1%1%< 1%192
Kentucky89%8%1%< 1%1%< 1%321
Louisiana88%11%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%318
Maine74%22%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%123
Maryland84%14%1%< 1%1%1%304
Massachusetts66%24%5%2%2%2%231
Michigan80%17%2%1%< 1%< 1%571
Minnesota73%24%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%303
Mississippi88%8%2%< 1%1%< 1%243
Missouri83%13%4%< 1%< 1%< 1%413
Montana83%13%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%149
Nebraska76%22%2%1%< 1%< 1%191
Nevada77%18%3%1%< 1%< 1%154
New Hampshire62%29%8%< 1%< 1%< 1%118
New Jersey76%20%2%< 1%1%1%432
New Mexico80%18%< 1%< 1%1%1%149
New York74%19%4%1%2%1%886
North Carolina85%13%1%1%< 1%< 1%664
North Dakota73%23%2%< 1%2%< 1%218
Ohio80%15%2%< 1%1%< 1%669
Oklahoma82%15%1%< 1%< 1%1%258
Oregon80%14%4%< 1%1%1%170
Pennsylvania77%18%2%< 1%1%1%756
Rhode Island85%11%1%< 1%2%1%141
South Carolina85%12%2%1%< 1%< 1%332
South Dakota77%21%< 1%< 1%2%< 1%191
Tennessee85%13%2%< 1%< 1%< 1%483
Texas80%16%2%1%< 1%1%1,612
Utah73%14%8%1%3%1%139
Virginia82%13%3%< 1%1%< 1%503
Washington78%18%3%< 1%< 1%1%302
West Virginia88%11%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%229
Wisconsin74%21%3%1%1%1%327
Wyoming78%15%5%< 1%1%1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…

StateVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Alabama86%11%2%1%< 1%367
Alaska59%29%8%4%< 1%144
Arizona64%24%8%3%< 1%330
Arkansas79%14%5%2%< 1%232
California64%27%7%2%1%1,669
Colorado68%22%7%3%< 1%235
Connecticut56%28%13%4%< 1%160
Delaware55%35%6%2%2%168
District of Columbia74%20%4%1%1%132
Florida69%22%6%2%< 1%1,087
Georgia77%19%3%1%1%634
Hawaii57%31%9%2%1%146
Idaho66%27%7%1%< 1%171
Illinois66%26%7%1%< 1%713
Indiana63%27%9%2%< 1%417
Iowa68%23%8%1%< 1%192
Kansas63%25%9%3%< 1%192
Kentucky72%23%3%1%< 1%321
Louisiana80%17%2%1%< 1%318
Maine55%29%6%9%1%123
Maryland68%26%5%2%< 1%304
Massachusetts54%35%6%4%1%231
Michigan62%28%7%3%< 1%571
Minnesota62%27%6%5%< 1%303
Mississippi79%16%3%2%1%243
Missouri66%28%3%2%< 1%413
Montana57%25%15%3%< 1%149
Nebraska68%24%6%2%1%191
Nevada60%31%7%2%< 1%154
New Hampshire49%25%21%5%< 1%118
New Jersey67%25%7%2%< 1%432
New Mexico77%18%1%2%1%149
New York62%26%7%5%< 1%886
North Carolina75%20%4%1%< 1%664
North Dakota61%26%11%2%< 1%218
Ohio68%25%5%2%< 1%669
Oklahoma73%23%2%1%1%258
Oregon66%25%7%1%1%170
Pennsylvania65%25%6%2%1%756
Rhode Island73%20%2%4%< 1%141
South Carolina81%14%3%1%1%332
South Dakota66%26%7%1%1%191
Tennessee80%16%2%1%< 1%483
Texas74%21%3%2%< 1%1,612
Utah73%15%10%1%1%139
Virginia74%20%4%1%1%503
Washington60%27%9%4%1%302
West Virginia75%20%3%1%1%229
Wisconsin58%32%7%3%< 1%327
Wyoming59%29%9%4%< 1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama55%34%11%1%367
Alaska40%37%23%< 1%144
Arizona44%30%25%< 1%330
Arkansas47%32%21%< 1%232
California42%38%19%< 1%1,669
Colorado44%33%23%< 1%235
Connecticut40%34%26%< 1%160
Delaware42%35%22%1%168
District of Columbia46%30%24%1%132
Florida46%33%21%< 1%1,087
Georgia52%33%14%1%634
Hawaii38%40%22%< 1%146
Idaho45%32%23%< 1%171
Illinois45%35%20%< 1%713
Indiana43%35%22%1%417
Iowa49%33%18%< 1%192
Kansas45%36%19%< 1%192
Kentucky48%31%20%1%321
Louisiana55%33%12%< 1%318
Maine33%30%35%2%123
Maryland42%37%21%< 1%304
Massachusetts40%33%27%< 1%231
Michigan43%34%23%< 1%571
Minnesota46%38%16%< 1%303
Mississippi53%31%15%1%243
Missouri46%35%17%1%413
Montana39%37%25%< 1%149
Nebraska50%30%19%< 1%191
Nevada39%39%22%1%154
New Hampshire33%33%33%1%118
New Jersey44%37%19%1%432
New Mexico46%32%22%< 1%149
New York40%36%23%1%886
North Carolina48%37%15%1%664
North Dakota40%37%23%1%218
Ohio48%31%20%1%669
Oklahoma50%35%15%< 1%258
Oregon45%37%17%1%170
Pennsylvania45%35%19%< 1%756
Rhode Island49%30%21%< 1%141
South Carolina55%31%13%< 1%332
South Dakota44%39%18%< 1%191
Tennessee58%23%18%1%483
Texas50%33%17%< 1%1,612
Utah63%19%15%3%139
Virginia56%30%13%1%503
Washington42%34%23%1%302
West Virginia55%31%13%1%229
Wisconsin36%41%22%1%327
Wyoming43%33%22%2%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…

StateAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama81%11%4%3%< 1%367
Alaska67%12%8%12%< 1%144
Arizona67%18%3%12%< 1%330
Arkansas72%16%3%7%2%232
California66%15%6%12%< 1%1,669
Colorado70%12%6%12%< 1%235
Connecticut58%20%9%12%1%160
Delaware62%18%6%12%2%168
District of Columbia76%13%4%6%< 1%132
Florida70%15%5%9%1%1,087
Georgia75%16%3%6%1%634
Hawaii65%16%3%15%< 1%146
Idaho63%18%6%11%1%171
Illinois65%19%7%8%1%713
Indiana62%23%3%11%1%417
Iowa61%24%6%9%< 1%192
Kansas62%24%7%6%< 1%192
Kentucky73%12%5%10%< 1%321
Louisiana76%16%2%6%< 1%318
Maine54%19%2%23%2%123
Maryland65%23%3%9%< 1%304
Massachusetts56%20%9%14%1%231
Michigan63%20%6%10%1%571
Minnesota61%21%6%11%< 1%303
Mississippi82%9%5%4%1%243
Missouri69%18%5%8%1%413
Montana62%22%7%8%< 1%149
Nebraska63%23%4%10%< 1%191
Nevada61%23%6%10%< 1%154
New Hampshire50%21%8%18%3%118
New Jersey71%15%4%9%< 1%432
New Mexico69%18%3%9%2%149
New York61%17%7%15%1%886
North Carolina76%15%4%5%1%664
North Dakota59%18%11%12%1%218
Ohio67%17%7%9%< 1%669
Oklahoma76%17%3%4%1%258
Oregon61%19%5%15%< 1%170
Pennsylvania66%17%6%10%< 1%756
Rhode Island70%15%7%7%< 1%141
South Carolina76%15%3%5%1%332
South Dakota66%17%8%10%< 1%191
Tennessee80%14%1%4%1%483
Texas72%16%4%7%< 1%1,612
Utah74%13%1%10%2%139
Virginia72%16%2%8%1%503
Washington63%12%9%15%1%302
West Virginia77%13%4%6%< 1%229
Wisconsin57%22%7%13%1%327
Wyoming63%18%5%14%1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama44%11%12%32%1%367
Alaska28%5%12%55%< 1%144
Arizona31%11%9%49%< 1%330
Arkansas34%16%9%41%< 1%232
California28%14%10%47%< 1%1,669
Colorado32%10%12%45%< 1%235
Connecticut23%8%8%61%< 1%160
Delaware26%14%11%48%1%168
District of Columbia35%9%9%47%1%132
Florida32%10%10%47%1%1,087
Georgia39%14%10%37%< 1%634
Hawaii36%11%15%38%< 1%146
Idaho40%4%8%47%1%171
Illinois27%13%10%50%1%713
Indiana33%13%9%45%< 1%417
Iowa31%7%16%45%1%192
Kansas33%10%8%49%< 1%192
Kentucky34%10%14%42%< 1%321
Louisiana37%17%10%36%< 1%318
Maine19%5%6%69%1%123
Maryland34%12%9%45%< 1%304
Massachusetts23%11%8%58%< 1%231
Michigan26%13%8%52%1%571
Minnesota23%9%11%55%1%303
Mississippi46%13%11%30%< 1%243
Missouri31%11%10%48%< 1%413
Montana24%7%13%55%< 1%149
Nebraska27%11%12%49%1%191
Nevada25%16%9%49%1%154
New Hampshire11%8%13%67%1%118
New Jersey28%8%11%52%1%432
New Mexico31%20%5%44%< 1%149
New York26%9%7%57%1%886
North Carolina36%12%11%40%< 1%664
North Dakota24%9%9%57%< 1%218
Ohio32%10%8%49%1%669
Oklahoma45%11%9%35%< 1%258
Oregon30%13%9%48%< 1%170
Pennsylvania29%9%10%51%< 1%756
Rhode Island25%4%13%58%< 1%141
South Carolina42%14%8%35%1%332
South Dakota24%9%8%59%1%191
Tennessee45%12%9%33%1%483
Texas36%14%9%40%1%1,612
Utah55%7%5%32%1%139
Virginia39%15%6%38%1%503
Washington32%12%9%47%1%302
West Virginia42%14%10%33%1%229
Wisconsin21%10%12%56%1%327
Wyoming30%9%9%51%1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama47%7%3%43%< 1%367
Alaska40%7%6%44%2%144
Arizona44%7%4%43%2%330
Arkansas39%5%2%52%2%232
California46%8%3%41%2%1,669
Colorado39%10%4%45%2%235
Connecticut43%11%5%39%1%160
Delaware40%7%4%47%2%168
District of Columbia53%5%3%37%2%132
Florida47%8%3%41%2%1,087
Georgia50%9%1%37%3%634
Hawaii46%10%3%39%2%146
Idaho48%9%2%40%1%171
Illinois43%7%5%43%1%713
Indiana35%8%3%52%2%417
Iowa41%4%2%52%2%192
Kansas35%10%4%50%1%192
Kentucky42%9%4%44%1%321
Louisiana48%6%3%42%1%318
Maine34%7%< 1%57%1%123
Maryland43%9%5%41%2%304
Massachusetts38%13%8%40%< 1%231
Michigan39%6%3%50%1%571
Minnesota34%6%3%57%< 1%303
Mississippi49%8%2%37%4%243
Missouri40%7%3%49%1%413
Montana28%12%4%54%2%149
Nebraska38%8%3%49%1%191
Nevada40%12%6%41%< 1%154
New Hampshire31%8%5%55%< 1%118
New Jersey42%8%4%44%2%432
New Mexico48%15%3%34%1%149
New York41%9%4%43%3%886
North Carolina48%8%2%40%1%664
North Dakota29%7%3%60%1%218
Ohio40%8%3%47%2%669
Oklahoma46%5%3%43%2%258
Oregon45%7%4%42%2%170
Pennsylvania40%9%3%47%1%756
Rhode Island51%8%3%37%1%141
South Carolina52%5%3%38%2%332
South Dakota32%5%3%58%1%191
Tennessee45%6%2%43%3%483
Texas49%6%4%39%2%1,612
Utah54%13%1%30%3%139
Virginia43%9%6%39%2%503
Washington45%6%3%45%1%302
West Virginia39%7%5%47%3%229
Wisconsin30%7%6%56%< 1%327
Wyoming36%7%2%54%1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama75%14%5%5%1%367
Alaska60%23%8%9%< 1%144
Arizona67%14%6%12%2%330
Arkansas68%13%9%8%1%232
California63%16%9%11%1%1,669
Colorado64%12%14%10%< 1%235
Connecticut52%17%11%19%1%160
Delaware52%23%9%13%2%168
District of Columbia62%13%18%5%1%132
Florida69%13%7%11%1%1,087
Georgia73%11%7%7%2%634
Hawaii64%14%11%12%< 1%146
Idaho73%11%6%9%< 1%171
Illinois62%16%8%13%1%713
Indiana63%17%8%11%< 1%417
Iowa63%18%8%11%1%192
Kansas66%18%10%6%< 1%192
Kentucky65%13%7%13%2%321
Louisiana70%14%7%9%1%318
Maine51%15%10%19%6%123
Maryland63%18%8%10%1%304
Massachusetts55%17%9%18%1%231
Michigan63%16%10%10%2%571
Minnesota60%17%10%13%< 1%303
Mississippi74%11%4%9%2%243
Missouri66%14%8%11%1%413
Montana55%23%11%8%2%149
Nebraska62%18%9%10%2%191
Nevada68%10%7%15%< 1%154
New Hampshire49%17%7%27%< 1%118
New Jersey66%15%6%12%2%432
New Mexico66%19%6%10%< 1%149
New York60%16%10%14%1%886
North Carolina70%13%9%8%1%664
North Dakota56%17%12%14%1%218
Ohio61%14%13%11%1%669
Oklahoma66%16%4%13%1%258
Oregon66%16%8%8%2%170
Pennsylvania61%16%11%12%1%756
Rhode Island68%13%7%12%< 1%141
South Carolina75%13%5%7%1%332
South Dakota65%15%7%11%2%191
Tennessee74%11%6%7%2%483
Texas68%12%9%9%2%1,612
Utah76%8%6%9%1%139
Virginia67%15%8%9%1%503
Washington64%12%9%14%2%302
West Virginia71%14%5%7%3%229
Wisconsin55%19%10%17%< 1%327
Wyoming61%10%11%16%2%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama40%12%10%36%2%367
Alaska43%14%16%24%2%144
Arizona55%13%9%22%2%330
Arkansas39%16%12%32%1%232
California46%15%14%24%1%1,669
Colorado44%17%14%24%< 1%235
Connecticut42%20%13%25%< 1%160
Delaware35%21%13%30%1%168
District of Columbia42%13%15%29%1%132
Florida46%15%11%26%2%1,087
Georgia42%16%11%30%1%634
Hawaii42%21%13%21%2%146
Idaho46%17%12%25%< 1%171
Illinois42%16%14%26%2%713
Indiana41%16%13%29%1%417
Iowa38%20%19%22%1%192
Kansas40%16%14%28%2%192
Kentucky41%14%11%32%2%321
Louisiana40%15%14%28%2%318
Maine36%19%7%38%1%123
Maryland41%14%14%29%1%304
Massachusetts43%14%13%27%2%231
Michigan40%17%13%27%3%571
Minnesota39%16%13%32%< 1%303
Mississippi43%12%11%33%1%243
Missouri44%16%11%27%2%413
Montana43%17%14%23%4%149
Nebraska38%21%12%26%2%191
Nevada53%15%12%19%1%154
New Hampshire34%18%13%34%< 1%118
New Jersey44%16%13%27%1%432
New Mexico51%10%9%26%4%149
New York47%13%12%26%2%886
North Carolina44%17%13%25%1%664
North Dakota39%14%15%31%< 1%218
Ohio39%18%15%26%2%669
Oklahoma41%15%11%32%1%258
Oregon47%16%14%22%1%170
Pennsylvania42%20%13%25%< 1%756
Rhode Island30%22%17%31%< 1%141
South Carolina47%15%11%26%2%332
South Dakota39%18%10%33%< 1%191
Tennessee46%17%9%25%3%483
Texas46%17%11%24%2%1,612
Utah48%31%10%10%1%139
Virginia45%15%14%23%2%503
Washington46%16%14%22%1%302
West Virginia46%20%8%26%1%229
Wisconsin37%19%16%28%1%327
Wyoming41%17%7%34%1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

StateReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Alabama56%4%35%2%3%367
Alaska41%7%43%5%5%144
Arizona41%6%43%8%2%330
Arkansas56%5%35%3%1%232
California43%7%39%8%2%1,669
Colorado48%5%38%5%4%235
Connecticut29%12%46%13%< 1%160
Delaware37%7%50%5%2%168
District of Columbia45%10%35%5%4%132
Florida44%8%41%5%2%1,087
Georgia55%5%34%5%2%634
Hawaii32%9%47%8%3%146
Idaho47%5%43%2%3%171
Illinois39%8%44%8%1%713
Indiana45%7%39%6%2%417
Iowa47%8%39%4%2%192
Kansas50%5%41%3%1%192
Kentucky49%5%40%3%2%321
Louisiana50%8%36%4%2%318
Maine34%12%48%5%1%123
Maryland49%3%39%7%3%304
Massachusetts27%8%55%8%2%231
Michigan40%7%44%6%3%571
Minnesota36%9%47%5%3%303
Mississippi54%6%33%4%2%243
Missouri46%7%38%3%5%413
Montana41%6%49%4%< 1%149
Nebraska48%6%37%6%2%191
Nevada36%7%45%9%3%154
New Hampshire24%13%57%4%2%118
New Jersey39%6%43%10%3%432
New Mexico57%4%31%5%3%149
New York34%12%46%6%3%886
North Carolina51%7%35%5%2%664
North Dakota37%4%51%6%2%218
Ohio42%7%44%4%2%669
Oklahoma42%7%45%3%2%258
Oregon48%5%41%4%2%170
Pennsylvania45%5%41%8%1%756
Rhode Island40%7%45%5%3%141
South Carolina56%5%34%2%3%332
South Dakota43%8%45%4%1%191
Tennessee51%5%38%3%3%483
Texas51%6%35%6%2%1,612
Utah54%6%33%5%2%139
Virginia52%6%37%4%2%503
Washington48%10%37%4%1%302
West Virginia61%2%35%2%1%229
Wisconsin45%8%41%4%2%327
Wyoming43%9%40%3%5%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

StateThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Alabama43%55%1%1%367
Alaska42%58%< 1%1%144
Arizona45%50%2%3%330
Arkansas41%57%2%< 1%232
California36%60%2%2%1,669
Colorado50%48%2%< 1%235
Connecticut36%63%2%< 1%160
Delaware35%64%< 1%1%168
District of Columbia34%61%4%2%132
Florida38%60%2%< 1%1,087
Georgia43%55%2%1%634
Hawaii37%61%1%1%146
Idaho49%50%< 1%< 1%171
Illinois36%62%1%1%713
Indiana39%58%1%1%417
Iowa38%62%1%< 1%192
Kansas42%58%< 1%< 1%192
Kentucky43%53%3%1%321
Louisiana44%55%1%1%318
Maine42%54%3%2%123
Maryland38%60%1%1%304
Massachusetts32%63%4%1%231
Michigan43%54%2%1%571
Minnesota41%57%1%1%303
Mississippi40%59%< 1%< 1%243
Missouri43%57%< 1%< 1%413
Montana47%52%1%1%149
Nebraska49%50%< 1%1%191
Nevada36%63%< 1%1%154
New Hampshire40%58%2%< 1%118
New Jersey32%65%1%1%432
New Mexico41%52%4%3%149
New York29%69%1%1%886
North Carolina41%57%1%1%664
North Dakota48%50%< 1%2%218
Ohio37%61%1%1%669
Oklahoma39%59%2%1%258
Oregon50%49%< 1%1%170
Pennsylvania41%57%1%1%756
Rhode Island38%58%2%2%141
South Carolina43%54%2%1%332
South Dakota44%55%< 1%< 1%191
Tennessee44%53%2%1%483
Texas40%58%2%1%1,612
Utah48%49%3%< 1%139
Virginia44%53%1%1%503
Washington44%54%1%1%302
West Virginia50%48%2%1%229
Wisconsin33%66%2%< 1%327
Wyoming51%49%< 1%< 1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…

StateAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Alabama59%14%9%17%1%367
Alaska46%10%5%39%< 1%144
Arizona44%10%9%35%1%330
Arkansas53%16%6%25%< 1%232
California42%13%9%36%1%1,669
Colorado44%7%10%40%< 1%235
Connecticut33%8%9%50%< 1%160
Delaware34%20%6%38%2%168
District of Columbia44%17%9%29%< 1%132
Florida45%13%10%31%1%1,087
Georgia58%13%8%21%< 1%634
Hawaii40%16%9%35%< 1%146
Idaho50%9%7%33%< 1%171
Illinois40%13%11%35%1%713
Indiana44%9%9%36%< 1%417
Iowa38%12%12%37%< 1%192
Kansas43%13%8%35%< 1%192
Kentucky51%8%8%32%2%321
Louisiana53%12%8%26%1%318
Maine33%8%6%53%< 1%123
Maryland47%14%9%30%1%304
Massachusetts28%12%11%47%1%231
Michigan42%11%10%37%1%571
Minnesota36%9%12%43%< 1%303
Mississippi64%13%6%16%1%243
Missouri49%13%10%28%< 1%413
Montana45%5%8%42%< 1%149
Nebraska36%15%8%40%1%191
Nevada41%15%7%37%< 1%154
New Hampshire29%10%7%54%< 1%118
New Jersey39%10%9%41%< 1%432
New Mexico54%10%5%30%< 1%149
New York38%10%9%42%1%886
North Carolina53%15%8%23%1%664
North Dakota28%17%9%45%1%218
Ohio44%12%8%35%< 1%669
Oklahoma53%13%10%24%< 1%258
Oregon50%9%12%29%< 1%170
Pennsylvania41%11%11%36%1%756
Rhode Island31%16%7%45%< 1%141
South Carolina60%13%7%18%1%332
South Dakota33%12%11%44%< 1%191
Tennessee64%9%6%18%2%483
Texas52%13%9%26%1%1,612
Utah63%6%8%21%3%139
Virginia57%10%6%26%1%503
Washington44%15%7%34%< 1%302
West Virginia56%12%5%26%1%229
Wisconsin30%13%11%46%< 1%327
Wyoming36%15%7%42%< 1%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

StateWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Alabama58%28%4%7%3%367
Alaska41%31%3%22%3%144
Arizona38%37%2%15%7%330
Arkansas50%32%3%12%4%232
California40%32%3%19%7%1,669
Colorado40%34%3%16%7%235
Connecticut35%31%3%24%7%160
Delaware29%41%4%19%6%168
District of Columbia47%37%2%11%3%132
Florida45%29%4%17%6%1,087
Georgia52%31%3%8%6%634
Hawaii40%32%3%21%4%146
Idaho38%38%3%16%5%171
Illinois38%40%3%14%5%713
Indiana47%31%4%14%3%417
Iowa32%46%3%14%4%192
Kansas36%42%4%14%5%192
Kentucky52%27%4%12%5%321
Louisiana52%30%3%10%4%318
Maine35%30%4%19%12%123
Maryland42%33%3%15%7%304
Massachusetts27%37%4%24%8%231
Michigan39%35%3%16%6%571
Minnesota35%35%3%21%6%303
Mississippi62%26%5%4%4%243
Missouri42%34%3%15%6%413
Montana32%38%5%19%6%149
Nebraska42%42%2%9%5%191
Nevada39%32%2%22%4%154
New Hampshire25%38%3%29%5%118
New Jersey34%32%4%23%6%432
New Mexico50%29%4%11%6%149
New York36%30%3%24%7%886
North Carolina48%29%4%12%7%664
North Dakota34%38%2%20%7%218
Ohio41%36%4%13%6%669
Oklahoma43%34%3%14%6%258
Oregon36%43%3%11%7%170
Pennsylvania42%35%2%17%4%756
Rhode Island33%40%1%24%2%141
South Carolina60%28%2%6%4%332
South Dakota33%45%2%9%11%191
Tennessee57%22%6%9%6%483
Texas49%31%3%12%5%1,612
Utah28%47%6%16%3%139
Virginia52%27%4%13%4%503
Washington39%36%4%14%7%302
West Virginia57%25%5%8%5%229
Wisconsin39%37%3%17%4%327
Wyoming44%29%5%17%4%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven

StateBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Alabama96%1%3%367
Alaska94%3%3%144
Arizona97%2%1%330
Arkansas95%3%2%232
California95%3%2%1,669
Colorado92%4%4%235
Connecticut96%3%1%160
Delaware99%< 1%1%168
District of Columbia99%1%< 1%132
Florida95%3%2%1,087
Georgia95%2%2%634
Hawaii95%4%2%146
Idaho94%1%5%171
Illinois94%3%3%713
Indiana96%2%2%417
Iowa94%3%3%192
Kansas95%3%3%192
Kentucky96%2%2%321
Louisiana97%1%2%318
Maine92%3%5%123
Maryland97%2%1%304
Massachusetts96%1%3%231
Michigan94%2%3%571
Minnesota94%3%4%303
Mississippi95%2%3%243
Missouri95%3%2%413
Montana93%2%5%149
Nebraska95%3%2%191
Nevada97%1%2%154
New Hampshire94%3%3%118
New Jersey98%1%2%432
New Mexico95%4%1%149
New York95%3%2%886
North Carolina95%2%3%664
North Dakota96%1%2%218
Ohio95%3%2%669
Oklahoma95%2%2%258
Oregon94%3%3%170
Pennsylvania94%3%3%756
Rhode Island97%3%< 1%141
South Carolina95%3%2%332
South Dakota91%1%8%191
Tennessee95%2%4%483
Texas94%2%3%1,612
Utah95%2%2%139
Virginia95%3%2%503
Washington96%2%2%302
West Virginia96%1%2%229
Wisconsin95%3%2%327
Wyoming92%4%4%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

StateRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Alabama54%12%34%367
Alaska51%31%18%144
Arizona49%20%31%330
Arkansas47%16%37%232
California36%21%42%1,669
Colorado58%14%28%235
Connecticut31%17%52%160
Delaware34%13%52%168
District of Columbia16%16%68%132
Florida40%18%42%1,087
Georgia46%17%37%634
Hawaii34%19%48%146
Idaho63%17%20%171
Illinois41%15%44%713
Indiana46%19%35%417
Iowa49%19%31%192
Kansas52%20%29%192
Kentucky47%12%41%321
Louisiana46%13%41%318
Maine46%25%29%123
Maryland35%14%51%304
Massachusetts33%13%54%231
Michigan41%17%42%571
Minnesota50%14%37%303
Mississippi46%12%42%243
Missouri46%16%38%413
Montana61%20%19%149
Nebraska57%15%28%191
Nevada40%16%44%154
New Hampshire55%17%28%118
New Jersey34%17%48%432
New Mexico45%18%37%149
New York34%19%48%886
North Carolina45%14%40%664
North Dakota59%16%25%218
Ohio49%16%35%669
Oklahoma52%14%34%258
Oregon44%22%33%170
Pennsylvania47%13%40%756
Rhode Island35%21%44%141
South Carolina48%15%37%332
South Dakota61%9%30%191
Tennessee53%13%34%483
Texas45%19%37%1,612
Utah67%13%20%139
Virginia50%16%34%503
Washington47%22%31%302
West Virginia47%13%39%229
Wisconsin51%17%32%327
Wyoming65%15%20%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

StateConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Alabama55%29%8%7%367
Alaska44%38%11%6%144
Arizona50%27%15%7%330
Arkansas47%35%11%7%232
California40%35%20%5%1,669
Colorado49%30%17%4%235
Connecticut37%39%18%5%160
Delaware36%46%12%6%168
District of Columbia24%46%20%10%132
Florida45%30%18%7%1,087
Georgia50%30%14%6%634
Hawaii37%44%14%5%146
Idaho48%28%18%6%171
Illinois39%35%21%5%713
Indiana48%29%16%7%417
Iowa48%29%17%5%192
Kansas46%29%23%2%192
Kentucky49%28%15%7%321
Louisiana56%30%10%5%318
Maine41%32%21%6%123
Maryland36%35%20%8%304
Massachusetts35%34%24%7%231
Michigan43%30%19%9%571
Minnesota43%31%21%5%303
Mississippi53%27%15%5%243
Missouri47%30%16%8%413
Montana56%29%11%4%149
Nebraska52%27%13%8%191
Nevada39%35%19%7%154
New Hampshire47%29%18%6%118
New Jersey37%34%22%7%432
New Mexico44%36%12%7%149
New York37%35%23%6%886
North Carolina47%30%18%5%664
North Dakota57%24%15%3%218
Ohio47%30%16%7%669
Oklahoma44%36%14%6%258
Oregon46%35%16%3%170
Pennsylvania44%33%17%6%756
Rhode Island39%38%16%7%141
South Carolina51%34%11%5%332
South Dakota53%32%10%5%191
Tennessee52%26%14%8%483
Texas46%30%17%7%1,612
Utah56%25%13%7%139
Virginia47%34%14%5%503
Washington47%35%15%3%302
West Virginia52%31%12%6%229
Wisconsin52%34%11%4%327
Wyoming51%30%13%6%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…

StateSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Alabama57%37%4%2%367
Alaska64%31%1%3%144
Arizona62%34%1%2%330
Arkansas54%42%1%3%232
California44%51%3%3%1,669
Colorado58%36%2%3%235
Connecticut52%44%1%3%160
Delaware48%44%3%4%168
District of Columbia25%67%4%4%132
Florida49%44%4%3%1,087
Georgia50%44%2%4%634
Hawaii47%46%4%3%146
Idaho74%23%2%1%171
Illinois53%42%1%3%713
Indiana57%36%3%4%417
Iowa64%32%< 1%3%192
Kansas67%26%2%4%192
Kentucky55%38%4%3%321
Louisiana53%42%3%3%318
Maine64%27%3%5%123
Maryland51%44%1%4%304
Massachusetts48%46%2%3%231
Michigan58%36%3%3%571
Minnesota64%32%2%2%303
Mississippi53%41%3%4%243
Missouri63%33%1%2%413
Montana72%20%2%6%149
Nebraska71%25%< 1%3%191
Nevada53%44%3%1%154
New Hampshire70%27%1%2%118
New Jersey43%51%2%4%432
New Mexico48%45%3%4%149
New York42%52%2%4%886
North Carolina50%43%3%4%664
North Dakota74%22%1%4%218
Ohio59%34%3%4%669
Oklahoma62%32%2%4%258
Oregon67%28%< 1%5%170
Pennsylvania61%35%2%2%756
Rhode Island52%40%2%6%141
South Carolina54%40%1%4%332
South Dakota72%24%3%1%191
Tennessee60%33%2%5%483
Texas48%45%3%4%1,612
Utah69%27%1%4%139
Virginia59%37%2%2%503
Washington64%31%3%3%302
West Virginia60%32%4%4%229
Wisconsin64%32%3%2%327
Wyoming77%17%1%5%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

StateDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Alabama54%40%5%1%367
Alaska60%33%4%4%144
Arizona59%35%3%3%330
Arkansas52%44%2%2%232
California45%50%3%2%1,669
Colorado55%40%2%4%235
Connecticut40%56%4%< 1%160
Delaware44%49%4%3%168
District of Columbia26%68%4%2%132
Florida49%46%5%1%1,087
Georgia50%44%4%2%634
Hawaii49%48%3%< 1%146
Idaho55%37%6%2%171
Illinois50%44%3%2%713
Indiana60%36%3%1%417
Iowa49%48%3%< 1%192
Kansas52%42%5%1%192
Kentucky52%37%8%3%321
Louisiana52%43%3%2%318
Maine51%40%6%3%123
Maryland46%51%2%1%304
Massachusetts48%47%3%2%231
Michigan48%47%4%1%571
Minnesota51%46%3%1%303
Mississippi51%43%4%3%243
Missouri51%43%3%2%413
Montana68%29%< 1%3%149
Nebraska59%38%2%1%191
Nevada44%51%4%1%154
New Hampshire51%44%4%< 1%118
New Jersey42%52%3%3%432
New Mexico49%45%2%4%149
New York44%49%5%2%886
North Carolina44%50%4%2%664
North Dakota61%32%5%3%218
Ohio51%43%4%2%669
Oklahoma54%41%2%3%258
Oregon53%41%5%< 1%170
Pennsylvania54%40%4%2%756
Rhode Island46%47%1%5%141
South Carolina46%47%5%2%332
South Dakota59%37%2%1%191
Tennessee47%48%3%2%483
Texas50%43%4%2%1,612
Utah62%37%< 1%1%139
Virginia56%39%4%2%503
Washington52%44%3%2%302
West Virginia49%46%4%1%229
Wisconsin59%37%2%1%327
Wyoming74%21%4%2%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

StateLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Alabama31%65%3%367
Alaska50%47%3%144
Arizona40%55%5%330
Arkansas34%63%3%232
California45%51%4%1,669
Colorado42%55%3%235
Connecticut61%36%3%160
Delaware43%50%7%168
District of Columbia53%43%5%132
Florida48%48%4%1,087
Georgia38%58%3%634
Hawaii54%42%4%146
Idaho28%65%6%171
Illinois43%54%3%713
Indiana35%60%5%417
Iowa35%63%2%192
Kansas39%59%2%192
Kentucky28%66%6%321
Louisiana30%66%4%318
Maine47%50%3%123
Maryland55%43%2%304
Massachusetts61%34%5%231
Michigan44%52%4%571
Minnesota40%59%1%303
Mississippi32%63%5%243
Missouri37%58%5%413
Montana45%51%3%149
Nebraska36%60%3%191
Nevada50%48%3%154
New Hampshire54%39%7%118
New Jersey53%43%4%432
New Mexico37%59%4%149
New York54%41%4%886
North Carolina42%52%6%664
North Dakota35%63%2%218
Ohio39%57%4%669
Oklahoma46%50%3%258
Oregon47%50%4%170
Pennsylvania39%57%4%756
Rhode Island47%48%5%141
South Carolina35%61%4%332
South Dakota38%60%2%191
Tennessee35%60%5%483
Texas38%58%4%1,612
Utah33%64%3%139
Virginia47%50%3%503
Washington41%54%4%302
West Virginia29%66%5%229
Wisconsin43%56%1%327
Wyoming37%61%2%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

StateShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Alabama34%60%3%3%367
Alaska51%40%6%3%144
Arizona56%34%6%5%330
Arkansas39%52%5%4%232
California59%33%4%4%1,669
Colorado52%38%4%6%235
Connecticut65%30%2%3%160
Delaware59%36%3%2%168
District of Columbia56%37%2%5%132
Florida55%36%5%4%1,087
Georgia45%46%5%4%634
Hawaii56%39%1%4%146
Idaho47%46%6%1%171
Illinois54%39%3%3%713
Indiana49%44%4%3%417
Iowa47%49%4%1%192
Kansas51%38%8%3%192
Kentucky36%53%7%4%321
Louisiana46%43%6%6%318
Maine58%35%2%5%123
Maryland53%40%6%1%304
Massachusetts71%21%4%4%231
Michigan54%38%6%2%571
Minnesota52%43%3%2%303
Mississippi33%61%5%1%243
Missouri48%46%1%4%413
Montana46%43%5%6%149
Nebraska50%43%3%3%191
Nevada58%37%3%3%154
New Hampshire60%30%5%5%118
New Jersey63%31%3%3%432
New Mexico45%46%5%4%149
New York61%31%4%4%886
North Carolina47%43%6%4%664
North Dakota50%44%4%2%218
Ohio51%41%4%4%669
Oklahoma45%47%4%4%258
Oregon47%42%8%4%170
Pennsylvania51%41%4%3%756
Rhode Island65%27%5%3%141
South Carolina44%51%4%2%332
South Dakota52%41%4%3%191
Tennessee32%63%3%2%483
Texas47%46%4%3%1,612
Utah43%50%4%3%139
Virginia47%48%3%2%503
Washington52%41%4%3%302
West Virginia37%54%5%4%229
Wisconsin57%41%1%2%327
Wyoming47%44%7%3%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

StateStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Alabama27%65%8%367
Alaska45%46%8%144
Arizona48%46%6%330
Arkansas30%58%12%232
California49%44%6%1,669
Colorado47%48%5%235
Connecticut61%37%2%160
Delaware49%48%4%168
District of Columbia42%44%14%132
Florida42%49%9%1,087
Georgia35%58%7%634
Hawaii45%46%9%146
Idaho34%50%15%171
Illinois47%45%8%713
Indiana38%52%10%417
Iowa38%56%6%192
Kansas43%50%6%192
Kentucky28%61%11%321
Louisiana33%60%7%318
Maine48%45%7%123
Maryland46%46%8%304
Massachusetts59%31%10%231
Michigan44%49%7%571
Minnesota45%49%6%303
Mississippi26%66%8%243
Missouri37%57%7%413
Montana41%47%13%149
Nebraska42%51%7%191
Nevada41%51%8%154
New Hampshire59%36%6%118
New Jersey47%45%8%432
New Mexico31%59%10%149
New York49%42%8%886
North Carolina36%55%8%664
North Dakota40%55%6%218
Ohio40%52%8%669
Oklahoma36%56%8%258
Oregon39%52%9%170
Pennsylvania41%49%10%756
Rhode Island56%39%5%141
South Carolina32%63%5%332
South Dakota44%53%3%191
Tennessee26%67%7%483
Texas36%57%7%1,612
Utah38%58%4%139
Virginia35%59%6%503
Washington43%48%8%302
West Virginia31%59%10%229
Wisconsin47%50%4%327
Wyoming42%51%7%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

StateStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Alabama50%42%2%6%367
Alaska55%40%2%3%144
Arizona47%48%1%4%330
Arkansas48%48%2%2%232
California43%52%2%4%1,669
Colorado48%45%3%4%235
Connecticut36%60%1%3%160
Delaware34%53%6%7%168
District of Columbia33%61%3%3%132
Florida45%50%2%3%1,087
Georgia41%54%2%3%634
Hawaii28%67%< 1%5%146
Idaho52%45%< 1%3%171
Illinois43%53%2%2%713
Indiana50%48%1%1%417
Iowa39%55%4%2%192
Kansas46%49%2%3%192
Kentucky55%39%2%4%321
Louisiana45%51%2%2%318
Maine42%53%1%3%123
Maryland39%59%1%1%304
Massachusetts40%53%3%4%231
Michigan43%50%4%4%571
Minnesota39%56%2%3%303
Mississippi45%49%5%2%243
Missouri47%48%2%3%413
Montana66%29%2%3%149
Nebraska47%45%3%5%191
Nevada49%46%1%5%154
New Hampshire35%62%2%< 1%118
New Jersey37%57%2%4%432
New Mexico40%52%3%5%149
New York38%58%1%3%886
North Carolina42%51%3%4%664
North Dakota49%44%3%3%218
Ohio46%48%3%3%669
Oklahoma42%52%2%4%258
Oregon47%48%3%2%170
Pennsylvania46%50%2%2%756
Rhode Island35%61%< 1%3%141
South Carolina48%48%1%3%332
South Dakota50%50%< 1%< 1%191
Tennessee48%45%2%4%483
Texas42%53%2%3%1,612
Utah48%45%6%1%139
Virginia42%53%3%1%503
Washington37%56%4%3%302
West Virginia59%35%4%2%229
Wisconsin43%53%2%2%327
Wyoming66%28%4%2%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by state

% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…

StateEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Alabama13%27%2%53%5%367
Alaska20%27%3%44%6%144
Arizona21%30%< 1%44%4%330
Arkansas13%30%2%52%3%232
California25%29%3%40%4%1,669
Colorado20%27%2%49%3%235
Connecticut21%34%3%40%2%160
Delaware25%31%1%37%6%168
District of Columbia26%36%6%30%2%132
Florida20%32%3%41%4%1,087
Georgia15%30%3%48%5%634
Hawaii26%30%2%38%4%146
Idaho12%32%4%47%5%171
Illinois22%31%2%41%4%713
Indiana18%31%2%46%4%417
Iowa17%36%3%40%5%192
Kansas22%27%3%45%3%192
Kentucky16%26%3%50%5%321
Louisiana16%31%3%46%4%318
Maine30%22%4%37%6%123
Maryland25%33%4%34%4%304
Massachusetts28%37%3%29%4%231
Michigan22%27%3%44%4%571
Minnesota22%25%6%43%5%303
Mississippi11%23%3%59%5%243
Missouri18%28%4%47%3%413
Montana24%22%< 1%49%5%149
Nebraska20%34%4%35%7%191
Nevada19%30%6%42%4%154
New Hampshire26%32%1%38%3%118
New Jersey24%28%3%40%5%432
New Mexico16%27%4%52%2%149
New York21%29%5%41%4%886
North Carolina14%34%4%42%5%664
North Dakota17%29%5%43%6%218
Ohio15%30%4%45%5%669
Oklahoma12%31%2%47%8%258
Oregon21%30%3%42%5%170
Pennsylvania22%25%3%48%3%756
Rhode Island24%32%2%39%3%141
South Carolina13%30%2%52%3%332
South Dakota19%25%2%50%4%191
Tennessee11%23%2%56%8%483
Texas18%29%4%45%4%1,612
Utah15%35%5%42%4%139
Virginia15%35%1%45%3%503
Washington16%29%6%44%5%302
West Virginia12%24%3%55%5%229
Wisconsin22%30%1%42%5%327
Wyoming24%29%5%39%3%182
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.