Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201452%41%7%19,928
200756%34%11%21,855
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

Belief in Hell among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by religious group

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who …in hell

Religious traditionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Buddhist29%68%3%205
Catholic61%31%7%3,965
Evangelical Protestant81%13%6%3,704
Hindu31%63%5%134
Historically Black Protestant82%13%6%1,156
Jehovah's Witness4%94%1%137
Jewish15%78%7%624
Mainline Protestant55%34%10%3,444
Mormon61%31%8%263
Muslim76%19%5%155
Orthodox Christian57%30%13%110
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")23%70%7%5,281
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are ages…

Belief in Hell18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe24%36%25%14%9,254
Don't believe26%35%23%15%8,793
Other/don't know18%35%29%19%1,498
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe15%16%29%30%9%1%9,254
Don't believe17%17%28%28%9%1%8,793
Other/don't know10%14%28%35%12%1%1,498
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellMenWomenSample size
Believe43%57%9,414
Don't believe49%51%8,951
Other/don't know44%56%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who identify as…

Belief in HellWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe59%17%3%17%4%9,329
Don't believe71%7%5%13%4%8,845
Other/don't know67%10%5%13%5%1,517
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe16%9%75%9,294
Don't believe15%13%72%8,862
Other/don't know16%9%75%1,529
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who have a household income of…

Belief in HellLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Believe38%21%26%14%8,280
Don't believe26%19%30%26%8,079
Other/don't know34%19%26%21%1,277
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who have completed…

Belief in HellHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe43%34%15%9%9,368
Don't believe27%30%24%19%8,913
Other/don't know36%31%17%16%1,546
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe46%7%14%6%27%9,386
Don't believe45%10%12%5%29%8,924
Other/don't know47%8%14%7%24%1,537
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe32%68%9,376
Don't believe25%75%8,926
Other/don't know27%73%1,550
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say they…

Belief in HellBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Believe77%19%3%< 1%1%1%9,414
Don't believe32%24%11%1%29%4%8,951
Other/don't know52%26%8%2%4%9%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say religion is…

Belief in HellVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe66%25%6%3%< 1%9,414
Don't believe24%25%21%29%1%8,951
Other/don't know45%30%15%8%2%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who attend religious services…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe43%37%20%< 1%9,414
Don't believe16%32%52%< 1%8,951
Other/don't know29%34%35%2%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who pray…

Belief in HellAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe66%18%6%10%1%9,414
Don't believe30%13%7%50%1%8,951
Other/don't know49%17%7%24%4%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who attend prayer group…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe29%12%10%48%< 1%9,414
Don't believe10%5%6%79%< 1%8,951
Other/don't know17%7%8%65%2%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who meditate…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe43%8%4%43%1%9,414
Don't believe34%11%6%49%1%8,951
Other/don't know39%9%6%44%2%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe64%15%9%11%1%9,414
Don't believe47%17%11%24%1%8,951
Other/don't know55%15%11%17%3%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe43%17%13%26%1%9,414
Don't believe50%17%14%19%1%8,951
Other/don't know49%16%12%21%3%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in HellReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe41%8%41%7%2%9,414
Don't believe11%19%51%17%2%8,951
Other/don't know24%13%49%9%6%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say…

Belief in HellThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe34%65%1%1%9,414
Don't believe19%79%1%1%8,951
Other/don't know25%70%3%1%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who read scripture…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe43%12%9%35%1%9,414
Don't believe15%7%8%70%< 1%8,951
Other/don't know29%9%9%51%2%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in HellWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe39%35%3%18%5%9,414
Don't believe7%16%1%70%6%8,951
Other/don't know17%22%3%39%19%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who …in heaven

Belief in HellBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe96%2%2%9,414
Don't believe34%61%5%8,951
Other/don't know47%3%50%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who identify as…

Belief in HellRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe34%17%50%9,414
Don't believe17%17%66%8,951
Other/don't know21%24%55%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who are…

Belief in HellConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe35%38%22%6%9,414
Don't believe13%35%47%5%8,951
Other/don't know22%41%28%9%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who would rather have…

Belief in HellSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe44%50%3%3%9,414
Don't believe40%53%4%4%8,951
Other/don't know39%44%8%8%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in HellDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe40%55%4%1%9,414
Don't believe26%70%3%1%8,951
Other/don't know29%60%7%4%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say abortion should be…

Belief in HellLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe50%47%4%9,414
Don't believe79%19%2%8,951
Other/don't know62%28%10%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say homosexuality…

Belief in HellShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe60%34%3%3%9,414
Don't believe87%10%2%1%8,951
Other/don't know71%19%6%5%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who …same-sex marriage

Belief in HellStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Believe50%43%6%9,414
Don't believe83%13%4%8,951
Other/don't know65%24%11%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost by belief in hell

% of adults who say that stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost who say humans…

Belief in HellEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe23%33%3%39%3%9,414
Don't believe64%17%4%14%2%8,951
Other/don't know37%24%10%23%6%1,563
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.