The below list of general sources provides bibliographic information for sources that were used to provide estimates for the Muslim populations of multiple countries. The subsequent list of sources by country provides abbreviated bibliographic information identifying which general sources were used to provide estimates for countries, as well as fuller bibliographic information for sources that were used for one country only.

General Sources

Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). MEASURE DHS. Calverton, Maryland: Administered by Macro International, 1995-2007.

European Social Survey (ESS). London: Led by Centre for Comparative Social Surveys, City University, 2004, 2006.

Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project 2009 Survey

Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project 2007 Survey

Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project 2002 Survey

United Nations Demographic Yearbook. “Special Census Topics Volume 2 – Social characteristics, ‘Table 6: Population by religion, sex, urban/rural residence and percentage: each census, 1985-2004.’ ” New York: United Nations Statistics Division, 2006.

World Christian Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition. David B. Barrett, George T. Kurian, and Todd M. Johnson, eds. United States: Oxford University Press, 2001.

World Religion Database: International Religious Demographic Statistics and Sources (WRD). Todd M. Johnson and Brian J. Grim, eds. Leiden, Netherlands and Boston, Mass.: Brill, 2008. (Muslim population estimates from 2005.)

World Values Survey (WVS). “Values Survey Database.” World Values Survey Association, 1999-2006.