Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201465%13%4%17%2%9,327
200768%12%4%14%2%8,146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seldom/never

Frequency of prayer among adults ages 65 and older by religious group

% of adults ages 65 and older who pray…

Religious traditionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Catholic72%14%4%9%2%2,131
Evangelical Protestant81%11%2%4%1%2,399
Historically Black Protestant85%8%3%2%1%401
Jewish25%12%8%52%3%320
Mainline Protestant58%20%6%14%2%2,272
Mormon87%8%1%4%< 1%146
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")20%7%5%67%1%1,225
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Generational cohort among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least daily< 1%< 1%< 1%26%67%7%5,801
Weekly< 1%< 1%< 1%32%63%5%1,218
Monthly< 1%< 1%< 1%37%59%4%374
Seldom/never< 1%< 1%< 1%33%61%7%1,769
Don't know< 1%< 1%< 1%25%64%11%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerMenWomenSample size
At least daily36%64%5,801
Weekly52%48%1,218
Monthly60%40%374
Seldom/never67%33%1,769
Don't know38%62%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who identify as…

Frequency of prayerWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least daily78%10%1%8%2%5,733
Weekly87%6%1%5%2%1,203
Monthly80%6%4%8%2%372
Seldom/never91%2%1%4%2%1,748
Don't know79%5%2%5%9%157
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least daily9%9%81%5,738
Weekly6%9%85%1,211
Monthly9%10%81%369
Seldom/never8%17%75%1,752
Don't know10%10%81%159
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who have a household income of…

Frequency of prayerLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least daily45%24%21%10%4,696
Weekly36%24%26%14%1,019
Monthly38%21%27%15%326
Seldom/never29%19%29%23%1,507
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who have completed…

Frequency of prayerHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least daily53%26%12%9%5,778
Weekly49%26%14%12%1,218
Monthly51%23%13%12%374
Seldom/never37%23%20%20%1,767
Don't know42%28%17%13%161
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
At least daily53%2%12%30%4%5,780
Weekly58%3%13%22%3%1,215
Monthly61%5%13%19%2%374
Seldom/never59%4%14%18%5%1,764
Don't know47%1%20%28%5%162
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least daily3%97%5,795
Weekly2%98%1,217
Monthly2%98%374
Seldom/never3%97%1,766
Don't know2%98%164
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say they…

Frequency of prayerBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least daily86%10%1%1%< 1%1%5,801
Weekly65%30%3%1%1%< 1%1,218
Monthly49%36%7%1%5%3%374
Seldom/never19%25%13%2%33%8%1,769
Don't know54%21%3%15%2%5%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say religion is…

Frequency of prayerVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least daily85%12%2%1%1%5,801
Weekly51%41%6%2%1%1,218
Monthly24%52%18%5%1%374
Seldom/never9%25%27%38%1%1,769
Don't know57%27%4%1%11%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who attend religious services…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily64%21%14%1%5,801
Weekly38%40%22%1%1,218
Monthly12%52%36%< 1%374
Seldom/never6%23%70%< 1%1,769
Don't know35%26%30%9%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who attend prayer group…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily42%9%9%38%1%5,801
Weekly16%9%10%65%< 1%1,218
Monthly4%4%9%82%< 1%374
Seldom/never1%1%3%95%< 1%1,769
Don't know15%4%4%56%20%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who meditate…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily68%6%3%21%3%5,801
Weekly38%15%6%38%2%1,218
Monthly24%16%10%48%2%374
Seldom/never17%7%6%69%1%1,769
Don't know38%9%1%25%27%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily80%8%4%5%2%5,801
Weekly55%19%13%12%2%1,218
Monthly32%20%19%28%2%374
Seldom/never25%11%12%50%3%1,769
Don't know51%11%7%13%18%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily53%12%10%23%3%5,801
Weekly35%14%16%34%2%1,218
Monthly32%15%24%28%1%374
Seldom/never33%12%17%37%2%1,769
Don't know49%8%4%21%18%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of prayerReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least daily54%5%34%4%3%5,801
Weekly26%9%56%7%3%1,218
Monthly14%9%66%10%2%374
Seldom/never5%14%62%17%3%1,769
Don't know23%6%50%5%16%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say…

Frequency of prayerThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily42%54%2%2%5,801
Weekly32%65%1%1%1,218
Monthly27%70%2%1%374
Seldom/never23%74%1%1%1,769
Don't know30%58%5%7%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who read scripture…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily60%9%6%23%2%5,801
Weekly20%14%14%51%1%1,218
Monthly7%8%15%69%1%374
Seldom/never2%3%4%91%< 1%1,769
Don't know23%9%6%45%17%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of prayerWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily49%27%5%11%7%5,801
Weekly24%37%3%25%10%1,218
Monthly18%32%2%36%12%374
Seldom/never6%12%< 1%74%9%1,769
Don't know17%19%13%22%29%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who …in heaven

Frequency of prayerBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily86%7%7%5,801
Weekly79%12%9%1,218
Monthly64%24%11%374
Seldom/never28%62%10%1,769
Don't know52%19%30%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who …in hell

Frequency of prayerBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily68%21%10%5,801
Weekly53%35%11%1,218
Monthly45%44%11%374
Seldom/never17%75%8%1,769
Don't know38%31%31%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who identify as…

Frequency of prayerRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least daily45%14%41%5,801
Weekly48%9%43%1,218
Monthly38%10%51%374
Seldom/never29%14%56%1,769
Don't know34%32%34%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who are…

Frequency of prayerConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least daily51%28%14%6%5,801
Weekly42%34%21%3%1,218
Monthly35%43%19%3%374
Seldom/never27%32%37%4%1,769
Don't know33%28%11%28%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who would rather have…

Frequency of prayerSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least daily58%32%4%6%5,801
Weekly62%31%3%4%1,218
Monthly54%38%3%5%374
Seldom/never54%37%4%5%1,769
Don't know55%20%5%20%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of prayerDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily48%44%5%4%5,801
Weekly52%43%3%3%1,218
Monthly46%47%3%4%374
Seldom/never37%57%3%3%1,769
Don't know39%42%3%16%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say abortion should be…

Frequency of prayerLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least daily38%55%7%5,801
Weekly56%39%5%1,218
Monthly66%31%2%374
Seldom/never79%16%5%1,769
Don't know39%25%36%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say homosexuality…

Frequency of prayerShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily40%51%4%5%5,801
Weekly55%37%4%4%1,218
Monthly59%35%2%4%374
Seldom/never74%19%4%3%1,769
Don't know41%30%9%20%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of prayerStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least daily29%62%10%5,801
Weekly43%47%10%1,218
Monthly46%44%9%374
Seldom/never66%27%8%1,769
Don't know36%34%30%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say…

Frequency of prayerStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily45%45%3%7%5,801
Weekly44%49%3%4%1,218
Monthly43%52%2%2%374
Seldom/never32%62%3%3%1,769
Don't know28%39%6%27%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults ages 65 and older by frequency of prayer

% of adults ages 65 and older who say humans…

Frequency of prayerEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least daily14%24%4%48%10%5,801
Weekly27%30%5%29%8%1,218
Monthly38%20%5%32%6%374
Seldom/never63%12%5%17%4%1,769
Don't know20%16%13%26%25%165
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.