Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201445%31%17%7%21,904
200743%35%16%7%25,667
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

Political ideology among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by religious group

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Religious traditionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Catholic41%36%18%5%4,775
Evangelical Protestant58%26%11%6%7,594
Historically Black Protestant37%32%24%7%1,694
Jehovah's Witness20%18%10%53%221
Jewish34%34%27%4%277
Mainline Protestant41%36%17%5%3,989
Mormon65%25%7%3%576
Muslim24%38%31%7%192
Orthodox Christian37%51%11%2%113
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")27%33%29%11%1,805
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Conservative, Moderate, Liberal

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are ages…

Political ideology18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Conservative14%33%31%23%9,974
Moderate21%34%28%18%6,713
Liberal21%35%28%16%3,531
Don't know24%35%24%18%1,206
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Political ideologyYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Conservative8%10%28%37%15%1%9,974
Moderate13%13%29%33%11%1%6,713
Liberal13%15%28%33%10%1%3,531
Don't know13%18%27%29%12%1%1,206
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Political ideologyMenWomenSample size
Conservative48%52%10,183
Moderate40%60%6,834
Liberal39%61%3,581
Don't know39%61%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…

Political ideologyWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Conservative73%12%2%11%3%10,021
Moderate62%16%3%15%4%6,746
Liberal50%22%4%20%5%3,532
Don't know53%20%2%17%7%1,260
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Political ideologyImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Conservative10%8%82%10,094
Moderate13%10%77%6,775
Liberal18%12%70%3,520
Don't know19%6%75%1,225
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have a household income of…

Political ideologyLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Conservative32%21%30%18%8,757
Moderate36%22%27%16%6,023
Liberal44%21%21%14%3,239
Don't know59%19%15%7%851
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have completed…

Political ideologyHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Conservative43%33%16%8%10,144
Moderate39%34%16%10%6,811
Liberal44%31%14%11%3,565
Don't know58%30%7%4%1,252
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Political ideologyMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Conservative59%4%12%8%17%10,145
Moderate48%6%14%8%24%6,809
Liberal40%9%18%7%26%3,568
Don't know42%6%16%9%27%1,282
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Political ideologyParentsNon-parentsSample size
Conservative30%70%10,146
Moderate30%70%6,807
Liberal30%70%3,578
Don't know31%69%1,288
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say religion is…

Political ideologyVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Conservative82%15%2%1%1%10,183
Moderate69%24%4%3%< 1%6,834
Liberal63%26%5%5%1%3,581
Don't know74%17%4%3%2%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend religious services…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative59%28%13%< 1%10,183
Moderate44%37%18%< 1%6,834
Liberal35%39%26%< 1%3,581
Don't know45%28%24%3%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who pray…

Political ideologyAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative80%13%3%4%1%10,183
Moderate70%18%4%7%1%6,834
Liberal67%18%5%9%1%3,581
Don't know74%12%4%8%3%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend prayer group…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative43%12%10%35%1%10,183
Moderate28%12%10%49%1%6,834
Liberal25%11%8%55%< 1%3,581
Don't know36%9%8%45%2%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who meditate…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative50%7%3%38%2%10,183
Moderate45%8%5%41%1%6,834
Liberal50%8%4%36%2%3,581
Don't know49%5%2%37%6%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative75%12%6%5%1%10,183
Moderate68%15%8%8%1%6,834
Liberal67%14%8%11%1%3,581
Don't know66%11%6%11%6%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative48%16%10%25%2%10,183
Moderate44%17%13%25%1%6,834
Liberal50%14%11%24%1%3,581
Don't know45%11%7%31%6%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Political ideologyReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Conservative59%5%30%3%2%10,183
Moderate39%8%45%5%2%6,834
Liberal31%12%47%8%3%3,581
Don't know46%4%40%4%6%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…

Political ideologyThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative53%45%2%1%10,183
Moderate32%67%1%1%6,834
Liberal24%74%1%1%3,581
Don't know36%56%4%4%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who read scripture…

Political ideologyAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Conservative59%11%8%22%1%10,183
Moderate43%13%10%33%1%6,834
Liberal39%12%10%38%1%3,581
Don't know50%9%7%31%3%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say the holy scripture is…

Political ideologyWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative53%31%4%8%5%10,183
Moderate34%38%3%17%8%6,834
Liberal33%29%2%28%8%3,581
Don't know45%23%8%12%12%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in heaven

Political ideologyBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative88%5%6%10,183
Moderate88%7%5%6,834
Liberal83%12%5%3,581
Don't know80%10%11%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in hell

Political ideologyBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Conservative79%13%7%10,183
Moderate71%22%7%6,834
Liberal62%31%7%3,581
Don't know62%27%12%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…

Political ideologyRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Conservative65%12%23%10,183
Moderate33%18%49%6,834
Liberal15%17%68%3,581
Don't know13%62%25%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who would rather have…

Political ideologySmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Conservative70%26%2%2%10,183
Moderate50%43%4%4%6,834
Liberal31%63%3%3%3,581
Don't know33%46%7%14%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say government aid to the poor…

Political ideologyDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative63%32%4%2%10,183
Moderate40%54%4%2%6,834
Liberal29%66%4%2%3,581
Don't know37%47%8%8%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say abortion should be…

Political ideologyLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Conservative28%68%4%10,183
Moderate53%43%4%6,834
Liberal62%34%4%3,581
Don't know35%51%13%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say homosexuality…

Political ideologyShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative35%56%5%4%10,183
Moderate63%29%4%4%6,834
Liberal70%24%3%3%3,581
Don't know43%39%8%10%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …same-sex marriage

Political ideologyStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Conservative24%68%7%10,183
Moderate53%40%8%6,834
Liberal64%29%6%3,581
Don't know34%46%19%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…

Political ideologyStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Conservative56%38%3%3%10,183
Moderate34%61%3%2%6,834
Liberal26%69%2%3%3,581
Don't know36%47%5%12%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by political ideology

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say humans…

Political ideologyEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Conservative10%26%2%56%5%10,183
Moderate19%35%4%38%4%6,834
Liberal28%32%4%32%4%3,581
Don't know13%22%6%43%15%1,306
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.