Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201441%51%8%21,904
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by religious group

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …same-sex marriage

Religious traditionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Catholic52%38%10%4,775
Evangelical Protestant25%68%7%7,594
Historically Black Protestant38%54%8%1,694
Jehovah's Witness12%79%9%221
Jewish54%38%8%277
Mainline Protestant51%41%8%3,989
Mormon20%74%6%576
Muslim35%58%6%192
Orthodox Christian41%55%4%113
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")59%32%9%1,805
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are ages…

Views about same-sex marriage18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Strongly favor/favor24%36%26%14%8,625
Oppose/strongly oppose13%32%31%24%11,085
Don't know13%36%29%23%1,714
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Strongly favor/favor15%16%29%31%8%1%8,625
Oppose/strongly oppose8%10%27%37%16%2%11,085
Don't know7%10%31%34%16%2%1,714
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMenWomenSample size
Strongly favor/favor38%62%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose48%52%11,347
Don't know44%56%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Strongly favor/favor62%14%3%16%4%8,647
Oppose/strongly oppose67%16%2%12%4%11,183
Don't know59%17%2%18%5%1,729
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Strongly favor/favor13%11%76%8,650
Oppose/strongly oppose12%7%81%11,201
Don't know16%11%73%1,763
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have a household income of…

Views about same-sex marriageLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Strongly favor/favor35%21%26%18%7,768
Oppose/strongly oppose37%22%27%14%9,719
Don't know43%20%23%14%1,383
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have completed…

Views about same-sex marriageHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Strongly favor/favor37%34%17%11%8,713
Oppose/strongly oppose46%32%14%7%11,278
Don't know50%31%12%7%1,781
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Strongly favor/favor44%8%14%6%27%8,727
Oppose/strongly oppose57%3%13%9%17%11,302
Don't know48%6%16%11%20%1,775
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageParentsNon-parentsSample size
Strongly favor/favor31%69%8,732
Oppose/strongly oppose30%70%11,300
Don't know30%70%1,787
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say religion is…

Views about same-sex marriageVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor60%30%6%4%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose85%12%2%1%< 1%11,347
Don't know73%20%2%3%2%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend religious services…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor33%43%24%< 1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose63%25%12%< 1%11,347
Don't know42%34%21%2%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who pray…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor65%20%5%9%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose82%12%3%3%1%11,347
Don't know73%15%3%7%3%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend prayer group…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor19%11%10%59%< 1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose47%12%9%31%1%11,347
Don't know32%11%10%46%2%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who meditate…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor42%9%4%44%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose53%6%3%35%2%11,347
Don't know52%6%2%35%5%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor65%17%9%9%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose76%11%6%6%1%11,347
Don't know69%12%8%9%3%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor47%16%12%24%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose47%15%11%25%2%11,347
Don't know47%12%9%29%3%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Views about same-sex marriageReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor29%11%51%7%2%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose62%4%28%3%2%11,347
Don't know41%6%42%4%7%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…

Views about same-sex marriageThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor27%71%1%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose51%47%1%1%11,347
Don't know36%59%3%3%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who read scripture…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor33%14%11%42%1%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose64%10%7%18%1%11,347
Don't know46%12%8%31%2%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say the holy scripture is…

Views about same-sex marriageWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%38%2%26%8%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose57%28%4%6%4%11,347
Don't know39%28%8%12%13%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in heaven

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor85%10%5%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose89%5%6%11,347
Don't know83%7%10%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in hell

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor63%30%7%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose81%12%6%11,347
Don't know65%20%14%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Strongly favor/favor31%18%52%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose55%16%30%11,347
Don't know33%33%34%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…

Views about same-sex marriageConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%40%27%6%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose60%24%10%6%11,347
Don't know41%29%14%16%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who would rather have…

Views about same-sex marriageSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor45%49%3%3%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose63%32%2%3%11,347
Don't know49%36%7%9%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say government aid to the poor…

Views about same-sex marriageDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor38%56%4%2%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose57%37%4%2%11,347
Don't know43%41%9%6%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say abortion should be…

Views about same-sex marriageLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor64%33%3%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose26%71%4%11,347
Don't know38%44%18%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say homosexuality…

Views about same-sex marriageShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor90%6%2%2%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose21%72%4%3%11,347
Don't know40%19%19%22%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…

Views about same-sex marriageStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor32%64%2%2%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose51%43%3%4%11,347
Don't know42%43%6%9%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say humans…

Views about same-sex marriageEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%37%4%29%3%8,753
Oppose/strongly oppose9%24%2%59%5%11,347
Don't know11%29%7%40%13%1,804
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.