Survey yearBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
201422%20%12%1%40%5%7,973
200733%24%11%1%24%6%6,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, Believe in God; not too/not at all certain, Do not believe in God

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Heaven by religious group

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they…

Religious traditionBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Buddhist22%22%5%1%46%5%151
Catholic30%35%17%1%13%3%709
Evangelical Protestant74%15%6%< 1%4%1%503
Jewish18%25%21%1%30%5%461
Mainline Protestant32%36%17%2%11%3%861
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")10%15%11%< 1%58%5%4,429
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, Believe in God; not too/not at all certain, Do not believe in God

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are ages…

Belief in God18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain19%34%31%17%1,697
Believe in God; fairly certain21%37%26%16%1,598
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain31%34%21%15%959
Do not believe in God36%35%17%12%3,130
Other/don't know if they believe in God24%36%23%18%419
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain11%14%28%36%10%1%1,697
Believe in God; fairly certain11%18%29%31%9%2%1,598
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain19%20%26%25%9%1%959
Do not believe in God24%21%26%20%8%1%3,130
Other/don't know if they believe in God12%19%28%28%12%1%419
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodMenWomenSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain47%53%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain54%46%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain60%40%968
Do not believe in God66%34%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God60%40%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Belief in GodWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain61%12%4%19%5%1,692
Believe in God; fairly certain71%5%5%15%4%1,596
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain69%3%10%16%3%954
Do not believe in God78%3%7%9%3%3,131
Other/don't know if they believe in God82%5%3%6%4%426
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain20%9%71%1,711
Believe in God; fairly certain18%12%70%1,603
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain20%16%64%961
Do not believe in God12%15%73%3,138
Other/don't know if they believe in God11%9%79%428
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have a household income of…

Belief in GodLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain31%22%28%19%1,510
Believe in God; fairly certain24%20%28%28%1,449
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain25%16%28%31%890
Do not believe in God23%18%31%29%2,907
Other/don't know if they believe in God22%16%28%34%377
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have completed…

Belief in GodHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain35%32%19%14%1,712
Believe in God; fairly certain28%30%22%19%1,615
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain30%25%25%20%962
Do not believe in God27%29%26%18%3,161
Other/don't know if they believe in God25%26%26%23%433
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain49%8%16%5%22%1,720
Believe in God; fairly certain49%10%13%4%23%1,610
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain43%11%11%5%30%965
Do not believe in God40%11%9%2%38%3,161
Other/don't know if they believe in God48%7%14%3%28%432
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain28%72%1,728
Believe in God; fairly certain27%73%1,616
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain24%76%963
Do not believe in God22%78%3,160
Other/don't know if they believe in God25%75%431
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say religion is…

Belief in GodVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain51%25%11%12%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain16%35%29%19%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain6%26%40%27%< 1%968
Do not believe in God2%7%22%68%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God6%15%35%42%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain35%32%33%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain9%37%54%< 1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain4%33%62%< 1%968
Do not believe in God2%16%82%< 1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God6%22%71%< 1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who pray…

Belief in GodAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain61%14%5%18%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain22%20%11%47%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain12%11%9%67%< 1%968
Do not believe in God2%1%2%95%< 1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God7%6%5%80%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend prayer group…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain29%8%8%54%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain6%5%5%84%< 1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain3%2%4%91%< 1%968
Do not believe in God1%1%2%96%< 1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God3%1%3%91%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who meditate…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain54%7%5%31%2%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain36%14%6%43%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain24%14%6%55%1%968
Do not believe in God18%8%5%68%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God26%9%6%55%3%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain67%13%7%12%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain44%18%15%22%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain33%19%12%36%1%968
Do not believe in God30%15%9%44%2%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God40%14%10%31%5%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain55%13%10%21%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain50%16%15%18%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain49%16%16%19%< 1%968
Do not believe in God46%18%14%22%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God56%16%12%15%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in GodReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain32%14%43%9%3%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain5%19%58%16%2%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain3%23%55%17%2%968
Do not believe in God1%20%51%27%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God3%20%55%17%5%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Belief in GodThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain36%61%2%2%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain22%77%1%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain18%80%1%1%968
Do not believe in God16%82%1%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God17%79%3%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who read scripture…

Belief in GodAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain39%10%8%42%1%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain8%8%10%74%< 1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain4%3%5%87%1%968
Do not believe in God2%3%5%91%< 1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God6%4%5%85%< 1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in GodWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain25%23%2%42%7%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain4%9%< 1%80%6%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain1%5%< 1%90%5%968
Do not believe in God< 1%1%< 1%96%3%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God1%1%1%89%7%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …in hell

Belief in GodBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain19%78%3%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain5%94%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain5%94%2%968
Do not believe in God1%98%< 1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God4%95%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Belief in GodRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain33%25%41%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain27%17%56%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain22%13%66%968
Do not believe in God17%17%66%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God19%20%60%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Belief in GodConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain32%31%29%9%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain18%37%42%3%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain13%39%43%5%968
Do not believe in God12%31%52%5%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God12%34%48%5%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who would rather have…

Belief in GodSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain53%40%3%4%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain50%44%3%3%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain46%46%5%2%968
Do not believe in God43%51%3%3%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God47%39%8%7%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in GodDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain42%52%3%2%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain37%60%3%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain33%62%3%1%968
Do not believe in God28%68%3%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God28%63%6%3%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say abortion should be…

Belief in GodLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain55%42%4%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain77%20%3%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain84%14%2%968
Do not believe in God87%10%3%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God86%10%4%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say homosexuality…

Belief in GodShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain62%31%3%3%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain84%11%2%3%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain88%10%1%1%968
Do not believe in God92%5%2%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God85%9%3%2%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Belief in GodStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain56%36%7%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain80%14%5%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain84%13%3%968
Do not believe in God90%7%3%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God83%12%5%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Belief in GodStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain34%60%3%4%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain26%70%2%1%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain20%76%2%1%968
Do not believe in God19%78%2%2%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God21%73%2%5%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by belief in God

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say humans…

Belief in GodEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe in God; absolutely certain31%23%5%37%4%1,730
Believe in God; fairly certain67%14%5%12%2%1,618
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain77%9%3%9%1%968
Do not believe in God89%3%1%5%1%3,171
Other/don't know if they believe in God82%4%10%3%1%434
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.