Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201441%51%8%19,167
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Religious traditionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Catholic53%39%8%4,475
Evangelical Protestant25%68%7%6,978
Historically Black Protestant37%56%8%1,557
Jewish45%47%7%144
Mainline Protestant49%43%8%3,327
Mormon21%73%6%381
Muslim36%59%4%173
Orthodox Christian46%53%1%101
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")62%30%8%1,699
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…

Views about same-sex marriage18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Strongly favor/favor31%36%23%10%7,368
Oppose/strongly oppose15%33%30%22%10,067
Don't know14%39%28%20%1,379
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Strongly favor/favor20%19%28%27%6%< 1%7,368
Oppose/strongly oppose9%11%28%36%15%1%10,067
Don't know8%11%33%32%14%2%1,379
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMenWomenSample size
Strongly favor/favor43%57%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose51%49%10,279
Don't know51%49%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Strongly favor/favor61%14%4%18%4%7,390
Oppose/strongly oppose66%15%2%13%3%10,153
Don't know60%15%2%19%4%1,398
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Strongly favor/favor15%11%74%7,355
Oppose/strongly oppose13%7%80%10,138
Don't know17%9%74%1,400
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Views about same-sex marriageLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Strongly favor/favor38%21%25%16%6,633
Oppose/strongly oppose37%22%27%14%8,898
Don't know44%20%21%14%1,119
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…

Views about same-sex marriageHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Strongly favor/favor42%34%15%8%7,432
Oppose/strongly oppose48%32%13%7%10,212
Don't know53%31%10%6%1,418
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Strongly favor/favor41%10%13%4%32%7,437
Oppose/strongly oppose56%4%14%9%18%10,243
Don't know48%5%15%10%22%1,413
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageParentsNon-parentsSample size
Strongly favor/favor33%67%7,429
Oppose/strongly oppose30%70%10,243
Don't know31%69%1,422
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…

Views about same-sex marriageBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Strongly favor/favor68%25%4%1%1%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose88%10%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%10,279
Don't know77%17%3%2%< 1%1%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…

Views about same-sex marriageVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor52%35%10%3%< 1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose82%14%2%1%< 1%10,279
Don't know68%24%4%3%1%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor29%44%27%< 1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose61%26%12%< 1%10,279
Don't know39%37%22%2%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor55%22%7%15%< 1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose79%12%3%5%1%10,279
Don't know68%17%5%8%2%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor17%11%10%62%< 1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose45%13%9%32%1%10,279
Don't know30%11%9%48%2%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor34%9%4%52%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose51%7%3%37%2%10,279
Don't know46%8%3%39%5%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor55%18%11%14%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose73%12%6%8%1%10,279
Don't know63%13%9%13%3%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor41%18%15%26%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose46%16%11%26%2%10,279
Don't know46%11%10%30%2%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Views about same-sex marriageReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor27%11%52%8%2%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose60%4%30%4%2%10,279
Don't know41%5%44%5%5%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Views about same-sex marriageThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor27%71%1%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose50%48%1%1%10,279
Don't know36%58%4%2%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…

Views about same-sex marriageAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor28%13%11%48%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose61%11%7%20%1%10,279
Don't know43%14%9%33%1%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Views about same-sex marriageWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor26%39%2%26%7%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose58%28%4%6%4%10,279
Don't know41%28%7%14%10%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven

Views about same-sex marriageBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor96%2%2%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose94%2%3%10,279
Don't know95%2%3%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Views about same-sex marriageRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Strongly favor/favor32%18%50%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose55%14%31%10,279
Don't know34%31%35%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Views about same-sex marriageConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor28%41%25%6%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose59%25%11%5%10,279
Don't know41%29%14%16%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…

Views about same-sex marriageSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor45%50%2%3%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose62%34%2%3%10,279
Don't know49%37%6%9%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Views about same-sex marriageDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor41%54%3%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose57%37%4%2%10,279
Don't know45%41%8%6%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Views about same-sex marriageLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor62%35%3%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose27%70%3%10,279
Don't know37%47%16%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Views about same-sex marriageShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor90%6%2%1%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose21%72%4%3%10,279
Don't know41%21%17%21%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Views about same-sex marriageStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor34%63%2%2%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose52%43%2%3%10,279
Don't know44%43%5%8%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by views about same-sex marriage

% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…

Views about same-sex marriageEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Strongly favor/favor30%36%3%29%2%7,453
Oppose/strongly oppose11%24%2%57%5%10,279
Don't know15%28%7%38%11%1,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.