DemographicInformation

Age distribution among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are ages…

Immigrant status18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Immigrants32%46%15%7%1,310
Second generation49%25%13%14%1,217
Third generation or higher31%37%22%10%7,151
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are…

Immigrant statusYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Immigrants17%25%36%18%4%< 1%1,310
Second generation37%18%18%16%9%2%1,217
Third generation or higher19%21%28%26%6%< 1%7,151
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are…

Immigrant statusMenWomenSample size
Immigrants56%44%1,331
Second generation56%44%1,238
Third generation or higher57%43%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who identify as…

Immigrant statusWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Immigrants26%7%37%28%2%1,310
Second generation49%5%14%27%5%1,215
Third generation or higher80%9%1%5%5%7,139
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who have a household income of…

Immigrant statusLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Immigrants34%18%22%25%1,151
Second generation30%19%27%24%1,077
Third generation or higher31%20%27%22%6,527
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who have completed…

Immigrant statusHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Immigrants35%22%21%22%1,324
Second generation32%34%20%14%1,236
Third generation or higher36%33%19%12%7,251
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are…

Immigrant statusMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Immigrants47%9%10%2%32%1,322
Second generation29%8%7%4%51%1,228
Third generation or higher39%12%12%3%33%7,238
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are…

Immigrant statusParentsNon-parentsSample size
Immigrants36%64%1,326
Second generation17%83%1,237
Third generation or higher26%74%7,250
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say they…

Immigrant statusBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Immigrants39%22%12%1%23%3%1,331
Second generation26%19%15%1%35%5%1,238
Third generation or higher29%23%10%1%30%6%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say religion is…

Immigrant statusVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Immigrants29%26%21%24%1%1,331
Second generation14%25%25%34%2%1,238
Third generation or higher16%23%24%35%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who attend religious services…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants14%37%49%1%1,331
Second generation8%30%62%< 1%1,238
Third generation or higher7%25%68%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who pray…

Immigrant statusAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants34%11%9%45%1%1,331
Second generation22%10%7%60%1%1,238
Third generation or higher22%12%7%58%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who attend prayer group…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants13%8%11%68%1%1,331
Second generation7%5%4%83%1%1,238
Third generation or higher6%4%4%86%< 1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who meditate…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants34%10%6%47%4%1,331
Second generation28%10%5%55%1%1,238
Third generation or higher29%9%5%56%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants47%14%15%21%3%1,331
Second generation42%16%11%30%2%1,238
Third generation or higher42%16%10%31%2%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants40%18%18%22%2%1,331
Second generation49%15%12%22%1%1,238
Third generation or higher49%16%11%23%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Immigrant statusReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Immigrants14%17%45%22%2%1,331
Second generation8%22%51%17%2%1,238
Third generation or higher8%17%58%15%3%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say…

Immigrant statusThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants20%76%1%2%1,331
Second generation17%81%1%1%1,238
Third generation or higher21%77%1%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who read scripture…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants19%7%10%63%1%1,331
Second generation11%7%6%75%1%1,238
Third generation or higher10%6%6%77%1%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say the holy scripture is…

Immigrant statusWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants18%14%2%57%8%1,331
Second generation7%12%< 1%74%6%1,238
Third generation or higher9%12%1%71%8%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who …in heaven

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants46%46%8%1,331
Second generation35%56%10%1,238
Third generation or higher38%52%10%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who …in hell

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants34%58%8%1,331
Second generation24%67%9%1,238
Third generation or higher27%65%8%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who identify as…

Immigrant statusRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Immigrants19%28%53%1,331
Second generation20%18%62%1,238
Third generation or higher24%21%55%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who are…

Immigrant statusConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Immigrants19%34%39%8%1,331
Second generation18%32%45%5%1,238
Third generation or higher18%36%38%8%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who would rather have…

Immigrant statusSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Immigrants34%59%3%4%1,331
Second generation44%49%3%4%1,238
Third generation or higher48%44%4%4%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say government aid to the poor…

Immigrant statusDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants33%59%4%3%1,331
Second generation33%61%4%2%1,238
Third generation or higher35%59%4%2%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say abortion should be…

Immigrant statusLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Immigrants63%32%5%1,331
Second generation81%17%3%1,238
Third generation or higher75%21%4%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say homosexuality…

Immigrant statusShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants71%22%3%4%1,331
Second generation86%9%3%2%1,238
Third generation or higher83%12%3%2%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who …same-sex marriage

Immigrant statusStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Immigrants66%26%8%1,331
Second generation81%14%6%1,238
Third generation or higher79%16%6%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say…

Immigrant statusStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants26%67%2%5%1,331
Second generation25%71%2%2%1,238
Third generation or higher27%68%3%2%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among Non-Christians by immigrant status

% of Non-Christians who say humans…

Immigrant statusEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Immigrants53%18%4%21%4%1,331
Second generation66%13%5%14%2%1,238
Third generation or higher62%15%5%15%3%7,275
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.