DemographicInformation

Age distribution among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are ages…

Immigrant status18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Immigrants17%46%24%12%2,572
Second generation31%29%19%22%2,106
Third generation or higher16%31%31%22%19,610
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are…

Immigrant statusYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Immigrants10%16%37%28%8%1%2,572
Second generation23%13%24%23%14%3%2,106
Third generation or higher10%11%26%37%15%1%19,610
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are…

Immigrant statusMenWomenSample size
Immigrants46%54%2,623
Second generation44%56%2,157
Third generation or higher45%55%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who identify as…

Immigrant statusWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Immigrants16%9%8%65%2%2,601
Second generation48%6%5%37%4%2,127
Third generation or higher77%14%< 1%5%4%19,731
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who have a household income of…

Immigrant statusLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Immigrants54%20%16%10%2,163
Second generation37%22%24%17%1,849
Third generation or higher32%21%29%18%17,435
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who have completed…

Immigrant statusHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Immigrants59%21%12%7%2,599
Second generation39%35%17%9%2,153
Third generation or higher41%33%16%10%19,894
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are…

Immigrant statusMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Immigrants53%9%14%5%20%2,611
Second generation40%8%11%9%31%2,147
Third generation or higher54%5%14%8%19%19,888
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are…

Immigrant statusParentsNon-parentsSample size
Immigrants43%57%2,609
Second generation26%74%2,150
Third generation or higher28%72%19,906
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say they…

Immigrant statusBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Immigrants64%29%5%1%1%1%2,623
Second generation73%20%4%1%1%1%2,157
Third generation or higher79%16%2%1%1%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say religion is…

Immigrant statusVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Immigrants71%22%4%2%1%2,623
Second generation61%30%7%2%< 1%2,157
Third generation or higher68%24%6%1%< 1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who attend religious services…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants51%34%14%1%2,623
Second generation44%38%17%< 1%2,157
Third generation or higher47%36%17%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who pray…

Immigrant statusAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants66%17%5%10%1%2,623
Second generation64%19%6%11%1%2,157
Third generation or higher69%17%5%9%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who attend prayer group…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants35%13%10%41%1%2,623
Second generation25%11%9%55%< 1%2,157
Third generation or higher32%11%9%47%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who meditate…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants54%9%5%28%3%2,623
Second generation43%8%4%43%1%2,157
Third generation or higher43%8%4%44%2%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants66%14%9%10%2%2,623
Second generation61%16%9%13%1%2,157
Third generation or higher66%14%9%10%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants51%14%14%19%2%2,623
Second generation46%15%13%25%1%2,157
Third generation or higher43%16%13%26%2%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Immigrant statusReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Immigrants41%9%34%13%3%2,623
Second generation37%10%44%8%2%2,157
Third generation or higher45%7%41%4%2%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say…

Immigrant statusThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants30%66%2%2%2,623
Second generation33%65%1%1%2,157
Third generation or higher41%57%1%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who read scripture…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants44%13%9%33%1%2,623
Second generation38%12%9%40%1%2,157
Third generation or higher46%12%9%33%1%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say the holy scripture is…

Immigrant statusWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants44%26%4%19%7%2,623
Second generation32%36%3%23%6%2,157
Third generation or higher39%34%3%18%7%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who …in heaven

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants81%13%6%2,623
Second generation86%9%5%2,157
Third generation or higher86%8%6%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who …in hell

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants65%26%9%2,623
Second generation66%27%7%2,157
Third generation or higher72%20%8%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who identify as…

Immigrant statusRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Immigrants24%30%46%2,623
Second generation38%16%46%2,157
Third generation or higher48%14%38%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who are…

Immigrant statusConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Immigrants35%30%27%9%2,623
Second generation36%37%22%5%2,157
Third generation or higher46%32%16%6%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who would rather have…

Immigrant statusSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Immigrants27%67%3%3%2,623
Second generation52%43%3%3%2,157
Third generation or higher60%34%3%4%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say government aid to the poor…

Immigrant statusDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants40%53%4%3%2,623
Second generation46%49%3%2%2,157
Third generation or higher51%44%4%2%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say abortion should be…

Immigrant statusLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Immigrants40%56%5%2,623
Second generation51%44%4%2,157
Third generation or higher45%51%4%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say homosexuality…

Immigrant statusShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants59%32%4%4%2,623
Second generation63%29%4%4%2,157
Third generation or higher52%40%4%3%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who …same-sex marriage

Immigrant statusStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Immigrants45%45%10%2,623
Second generation55%37%9%2,157
Third generation or higher42%50%8%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say…

Immigrant statusStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants36%56%2%6%2,623
Second generation40%56%2%3%2,157
Third generation or higher44%51%3%3%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among Christians by immigrant status

% of Christians who say humans…

Immigrant statusEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Immigrants25%25%3%40%6%2,623
Second generation27%29%3%36%5%2,157
Third generation or higher19%30%4%43%5%19,969
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.