Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201446%46%8%7,002
200750%39%11%5,805
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

Belief in Hell among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by religious group

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who …in hell

Religious traditionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Catholic61%32%8%1,454
Evangelical Protestant80%12%8%1,286
Historically Black Protestant78%15%6%172
Jewish14%80%7%341
Mainline Protestant50%39%11%1,431
Mormon64%30%5%136
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")13%79%8%1,757
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are ages…

Belief in Hell18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe15%42%32%10%3,084
Don't believe16%42%30%12%3,268
Other/don't know10%39%38%13%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe12%8%38%36%6%< 1%3,084
Don't believe12%10%36%35%6%1%3,268
Other/don't know6%8%34%43%7%1%573
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellMenWomenSample size
Believe58%42%3,116
Don't believe57%43%3,303
Other/don't know55%45%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who identify as…

Belief in HellWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe78%8%4%7%3%3,087
Don't believe81%4%7%6%3%3,272
Other/don't know79%6%8%4%3%577
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe9%9%82%3,102
Don't believe13%12%75%3,291
Other/don't know14%10%76%574
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who have completed…

Belief in HellHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe20%28%30%22%3,111
Don't believe14%21%31%34%3,295
Other/don't know16%23%30%31%580
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe74%4%5%2%16%3,113
Don't believe68%7%6%2%18%3,297
Other/don't know73%6%7%3%11%582
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe38%62%3,107
Don't believe34%66%3,298
Other/don't know36%64%579
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say they…

Belief in HellBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Believe79%17%3%< 1%1%< 1%3,116
Don't believe27%26%12%< 1%30%5%3,303
Other/don't know49%28%8%1%4%10%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say religion is…

Belief in HellVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe64%28%6%2%< 1%3,116
Don't believe20%25%23%31%1%3,303
Other/don't know44%30%16%10%< 1%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who attend religious services…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe45%39%15%< 1%3,116
Don't believe14%36%50%< 1%3,303
Other/don't know28%44%28%1%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who pray…

Belief in HellAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe66%18%7%9%< 1%3,116
Don't believe25%14%8%53%< 1%3,303
Other/don't know44%20%7%27%2%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who attend prayer group…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe27%12%11%50%< 1%3,116
Don't believe8%4%6%82%< 1%3,303
Other/don't know18%7%8%66%< 1%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who meditate…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe36%9%4%50%1%3,116
Don't believe30%10%6%53%1%3,303
Other/don't know35%9%7%48%2%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe64%15%11%9%1%3,116
Don't believe46%18%12%22%1%3,303
Other/don't know53%17%11%16%3%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe40%19%15%25%1%3,116
Don't believe48%19%16%17%1%3,303
Other/don't know42%21%17%16%4%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in HellReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe44%9%40%6%2%3,116
Don't believe9%21%50%18%2%3,303
Other/don't know25%11%47%12%5%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say…

Belief in HellThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe49%50%1%< 1%3,116
Don't believe22%76%1%< 1%3,303
Other/don't know34%62%2%2%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who read scripture…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe39%12%11%38%< 1%3,116
Don't believe11%6%8%75%< 1%3,303
Other/don't know27%9%10%53%1%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in HellWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe30%43%3%19%5%3,116
Don't believe4%15%1%76%5%3,303
Other/don't know12%25%4%41%18%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who …in heaven

Belief in HellBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe95%3%3%3,116
Don't believe30%65%5%3,303
Other/don't know40%3%56%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who identify as…

Belief in HellRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe62%9%29%3,116
Don't believe30%10%60%3,303
Other/don't know47%15%38%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who are…

Belief in HellConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe52%32%14%2%3,116
Don't believe18%37%43%2%3,303
Other/don't know32%44%19%4%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who would rather have…

Belief in HellSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe73%24%1%1%3,116
Don't believe51%42%4%3%3,303
Other/don't know63%26%5%6%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in HellDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe64%32%2%1%3,116
Don't believe34%62%3%1%3,303
Other/don't know44%48%5%3%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say abortion should be…

Belief in HellLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe46%51%3%3,116
Don't believe82%16%2%3,303
Other/don't know61%32%7%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say homosexuality…

Belief in HellShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe56%37%4%3%3,116
Don't believe88%9%2%1%3,303
Other/don't know68%23%5%5%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who …same-sex marriage

Belief in HellStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Believe45%49%7%3,116
Don't believe84%13%4%3,303
Other/don't know61%30%9%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say…

Belief in HellStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe48%49%2%1%3,116
Don't believe24%73%2%1%3,303
Other/don't know36%56%4%3%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults with a household income of $100,000 or more by belief in hell

% of adults with a household income of $100,000 or more who say humans…

Belief in HellEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe21%33%3%40%3%3,116
Don't believe69%16%4%9%1%3,303
Other/don't know35%27%12%20%6%583
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.