Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Religious traditionLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Catholic37%20%26%18%3,824
Evangelical Protestant35%23%28%14%6,085
Historically Black Protestant53%22%18%7%1,399
Jewish31%16%25%27%125
Mainline Protestant32%21%27%20%2,878
Mormon28%20%31%21%341
Muslim34%19%30%18%148
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")48%21%21%10%1,493
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Less than $30,000, $30,000-$49,999, $50,000-$99,999, $100,000 or more

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…

Income distribution18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Less than $30,00025%32%25%18%5,403
$30,000-$49,99921%36%25%18%3,450
$50,000-$99,99919%39%29%13%4,569
$100,000 or more15%42%32%10%3,084
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Less than $30,00015%17%25%29%13%1%5,403
$30,000-$49,99912%17%28%30%12%1%3,450
$50,000-$99,99912%14%32%34%7%< 1%4,569
$100,000 or more12%8%38%36%6%< 1%3,084
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionMenWomenSample size
Less than $30,00042%58%5,448
$30,000-$49,99948%52%3,473
$50,000-$99,99952%48%4,613
$100,000 or more58%42%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Income distributionWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Less than $30,00050%20%2%23%4%5,404
$30,000-$49,99964%15%2%14%4%3,445
$50,000-$99,99975%11%3%8%3%4,574
$100,000 or more78%8%4%7%3%3,087
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Less than $30,00019%9%72%5,348
$30,000-$49,99913%9%79%3,444
$50,000-$99,9998%8%84%4,591
$100,000 or more9%9%82%3,102
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…

Income distributionHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Less than $30,00064%29%5%2%5,431
$30,000-$49,99945%38%13%4%3,469
$50,000-$99,99931%39%20%10%4,603
$100,000 or more20%28%30%22%3,111
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Less than $30,00029%9%20%11%31%5,434
$30,000-$49,99949%7%15%6%22%3,463
$50,000-$99,99965%5%9%3%18%4,612
$100,000 or more74%4%5%2%16%3,113
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionParentsNon-parentsSample size
Less than $30,00031%69%5,440
$30,000-$49,99932%68%3,465
$50,000-$99,99935%65%4,606
$100,000 or more38%62%3,107
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…

Income distributionBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Less than $30,00077%18%3%1%1%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99980%16%2%< 1%1%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99980%16%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more79%17%3%< 1%1%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…

Income distributionVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00069%22%5%3%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99968%24%5%2%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99967%25%6%2%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more64%28%6%2%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00042%34%23%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99946%35%19%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99950%34%16%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more45%39%15%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…

Income distributionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00069%17%5%9%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99968%16%5%11%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99968%17%5%9%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more66%18%7%9%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00033%13%9%45%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99932%11%10%46%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99932%12%11%45%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more27%12%11%50%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00047%8%4%39%2%5,448
$30,000-$49,99945%8%3%44%1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99940%8%4%48%1%4,613
$100,000 or more36%9%4%50%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00064%14%8%13%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99966%15%8%11%1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99965%16%10%9%1%4,613
$100,000 or more64%15%11%9%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00046%14%12%26%2%5,448
$30,000-$49,99943%17%12%27%1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99942%18%14%25%1%4,613
$100,000 or more40%19%15%25%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Income distributionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00043%7%41%6%2%5,448
$30,000-$49,99946%6%40%6%2%3,473
$50,000-$99,99948%6%40%4%2%4,613
$100,000 or more44%9%40%6%2%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Income distributionThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00032%65%1%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99939%59%1%1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99946%52%1%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more49%50%1%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…

Income distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00049%12%8%30%1%5,448
$30,000-$49,99947%13%9%31%< 1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99945%12%10%33%< 1%4,613
$100,000 or more39%12%11%38%< 1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Income distributionWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Less than $30,00051%26%3%14%6%5,448
$30,000-$49,99945%33%3%15%5%3,473
$50,000-$99,99937%39%3%16%5%4,613
$100,000 or more30%43%3%19%5%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven

Income distributionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Less than $30,00095%3%2%5,448
$30,000-$49,99996%2%2%3,473
$50,000-$99,99995%2%3%4,613
$100,000 or more95%3%3%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…

Income distributionRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Less than $30,00031%20%49%5,448
$30,000-$49,99944%15%41%3,473
$50,000-$99,99956%11%33%4,613
$100,000 or more62%9%29%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who are…

Income distributionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00038%33%22%8%5,448
$30,000-$49,99945%33%18%4%3,473
$50,000-$99,99951%33%13%3%4,613
$100,000 or more52%32%14%2%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…

Income distributionSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00037%58%2%3%5,448
$30,000-$49,99957%38%2%3%3,473
$50,000-$99,99968%28%2%3%4,613
$100,000 or more73%24%1%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Income distributionDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00037%57%4%2%5,448
$30,000-$49,99951%44%4%1%3,473
$50,000-$99,99961%35%3%1%4,613
$100,000 or more64%32%2%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Income distributionLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00042%54%4%5,448
$30,000-$49,99943%54%3%3,473
$50,000-$99,99944%54%3%4,613
$100,000 or more46%51%3%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Income distributionShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00053%40%4%3%5,448
$30,000-$49,99951%42%4%2%3,473
$50,000-$99,99950%43%4%3%4,613
$100,000 or more56%37%4%3%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Income distributionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00042%50%8%5,448
$30,000-$49,99941%52%6%3,473
$50,000-$99,99941%54%6%4,613
$100,000 or more45%49%7%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say…

Income distributionStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00042%52%2%4%5,448
$30,000-$49,99944%52%2%2%3,473
$50,000-$99,99944%53%2%1%4,613
$100,000 or more48%49%2%1%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by household income

% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…

Income distributionEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Less than $30,00020%28%3%44%5%5,448
$30,000-$49,99918%30%3%46%3%3,473
$50,000-$99,99918%33%2%44%3%4,613
$100,000 or more21%33%3%40%3%3,116
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.