Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by religious group

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Religious traditionWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Buddhist56%5%15%13%10%150
Catholic54%2%3%40%1%699
Evangelical Protestant82%5%1%7%4%494
Jewish95%1%< 1%3%2%456
Mainline Protestant87%2%1%7%3%848
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")74%5%6%11%4%4,366
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: White, Black, Asian, Latino, Other/Mixed

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are ages…

Racial and ethnic composition18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
White24%33%25%18%6,031
Black33%34%22%10%339
Asian46%42%9%3%311
Latino38%41%16%6%744
Other/Mixed31%38%23%8%324
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
White15%17%26%30%11%2%6,031
Black19%23%26%26%6%1%339
Asian25%31%32%10%1%1%311
Latino25%23%30%18%3%< 1%744
Other/Mixed22%19%27%24%7%< 1%324
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionMenWomenSample size
White58%42%6,102
Black58%42%347
Asian61%39%316
Latino58%42%753
Other/Mixed56%44%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
White7%9%84%6,060
Black13%8%79%341
Asian66%27%7%311
Latino51%26%23%739
Other/Mixed8%15%77%327
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have a household income of…

Racial and ethnic compositionLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
White22%17%31%30%5,545
Black37%22%26%15%316
Asian18%22%27%34%283
Latino43%24%21%12%651
Other/Mixed37%21%22%20%306
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who have completed…

Racial and ethnic compositionHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
White26%29%25%19%6,087
Black39%36%16%9%345
Asian18%25%28%29%314
Latino54%27%13%7%745
Other/Mixed27%36%22%14%327
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
White47%10%13%4%26%6,080
Black28%13%14%5%40%347
Asian47%4%3%1%46%314
Latino37%14%11%1%37%750
Other/Mixed37%12%14%4%34%329
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionParentsNon-parentsSample size
White23%77%6,087
Black26%74%346
Asian26%74%316
Latino34%66%750
Other/Mixed27%73%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they…

Racial and ethnic compositionBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
White19%20%12%1%44%5%6,102
Black49%20%8%1%19%4%347
Asian14%16%19%< 1%47%3%316
Latino32%23%14%1%28%2%753
Other/Mixed30%20%9%1%35%5%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say religion is…

Racial and ethnic compositionVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
White14%17%24%44%1%6,102
Black33%24%20%22%1%347
Asian9%21%35%34%1%316
Latino29%25%18%28%< 1%753
Other/Mixed16%26%22%36%< 1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend religious services…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White10%24%66%< 1%6,102
Black22%32%46%< 1%347
Asian7%34%58%1%316
Latino16%34%50%< 1%753
Other/Mixed15%23%62%< 1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who pray…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White17%9%5%68%1%6,102
Black38%13%8%39%1%347
Asian16%7%9%67%< 1%316
Latino30%12%7%50%1%753
Other/Mixed30%9%4%57%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who attend prayer group…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White7%3%3%87%< 1%6,102
Black21%5%8%66%< 1%347
Asian5%5%7%82%< 1%316
Latino12%6%6%76%< 1%753
Other/Mixed8%2%7%82%< 1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who meditate…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White29%10%6%55%1%6,102
Black50%7%4%38%1%347
Asian21%12%6%59%2%316
Latino38%10%5%45%3%753
Other/Mixed45%9%5%40%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White40%16%10%33%2%6,102
Black53%17%8%20%3%347
Asian32%18%17%31%1%316
Latino52%11%11%25%1%753
Other/Mixed48%19%8%23%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White50%17%13%19%1%6,102
Black49%16%10%24%1%347
Asian32%17%28%23%1%316
Latino51%12%12%23%2%753
Other/Mixed59%16%9%14%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Racial and ethnic compositionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
White8%19%53%18%2%6,102
Black20%15%49%14%2%347
Asian2%20%50%26%1%316
Latino16%16%45%21%2%753
Other/Mixed9%20%48%19%3%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Racial and ethnic compositionThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White22%76%1%1%6,102
Black24%74%2%< 1%347
Asian13%85%1%< 1%316
Latino23%74%1%2%753
Other/Mixed19%75%3%3%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who read scripture…

Racial and ethnic compositionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
White9%5%6%79%< 1%6,102
Black31%7%10%52%1%347
Asian7%5%8%80%< 1%316
Latino17%8%8%66%1%753
Other/Mixed18%4%10%66%2%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say the holy scripture is…

Racial and ethnic compositionWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
White5%7%1%83%4%6,102
Black21%14%1%60%4%347
Asian2%3%< 1%84%10%316
Latino14%13%1%66%6%753
Other/Mixed4%11%< 1%77%8%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …in hell

Racial and ethnic compositionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
White6%93%1%6,102
Black14%84%1%347
Asian5%94%2%316
Latino10%89%1%753
Other/Mixed7%89%4%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who identify as…

Racial and ethnic compositionRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
White26%15%59%6,102
Black10%19%70%347
Asian17%24%59%316
Latino17%31%52%753
Other/Mixed20%23%58%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who are…

Racial and ethnic compositionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
White18%33%45%4%6,102
Black20%31%39%10%347
Asian12%34%47%8%316
Latino19%35%38%8%753
Other/Mixed15%33%44%8%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who would rather have…

Racial and ethnic compositionSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
White51%42%4%3%6,102
Black36%53%6%5%347
Asian40%55%3%2%316
Latino35%60%2%3%753
Other/Mixed45%46%5%4%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say government aid to the poor…

Racial and ethnic compositionDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White34%62%3%1%6,102
Black30%64%5%1%347
Asian32%62%4%2%316
Latino37%58%4%1%753
Other/Mixed25%69%4%2%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say abortion should be…

Racial and ethnic compositionLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
White81%16%3%6,102
Black63%33%4%347
Asian79%16%5%316
Latino59%39%3%753
Other/Mixed80%15%5%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say homosexuality…

Racial and ethnic compositionShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White85%11%2%2%6,102
Black68%26%4%2%347
Asian82%12%1%4%316
Latino76%18%2%3%753
Other/Mixed84%13%2%2%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who …same-sex marriage

Racial and ethnic compositionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
White82%14%4%6,102
Black64%30%6%347
Asian83%13%5%316
Latino71%24%5%753
Other/Mixed80%16%4%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say…

Racial and ethnic compositionStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
White23%73%2%2%6,102
Black24%72%3%1%347
Asian22%72%2%3%316
Latino28%67%2%4%753
Other/Mixed23%74%3%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Heaven by race/ethnicity

% of adults who do not believe in Heaven who say humans…

Racial and ethnic compositionEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
White75%9%3%12%1%6,102
Black44%20%4%29%3%347
Asian73%7%5%11%4%316
Latino52%18%3%25%2%753
Other/Mixed68%13%4%13%1%330
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.

Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.