Religious denomination among adults who do not believe in Hell

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Survey yearAfrican Methodist Episcopal ChurchAfrican Methodist Episcopal Zion ChurchAmerican Baptist Churches USAAnglican ChurchApostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)Assemblies of GodCalvary ChapelChristian and Missionary AllianceChristian Churches and Churches of ChristChristian Methodist Episcopal ChurchChristian Reformed ChurchChurch of God (Anderson, Indiana)Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)Church of God in ChristChurch of God of the Apostolic FaithChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsChurch of the NazareneChurches of ChristCommunity Church (Evangelical Trad.)Conservative Baptist Association of AmericaConservative Congregational Christian ConferenceDeistDisciples of ChristEclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs"Episcopal ChurchEvangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)Foursquare ChurchFree Methodist ChurchFree Will BaptistGeneral Association of Regular Baptist ChurchesGreek OrthodoxHumanistIndependent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)Interdenominational (Evangelical Trad.)Interdenominational (Mainline Trad.)Lutheran Church-Missouri SynodMissionary Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)National Baptist ConventionNondenominational charismaticNondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad.)Nondenominational evangelicalNondenominational fundamentalistNondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)Nothing in particular (religion important)Nothing in particular (religion not important)Orthodox Church in AmericaOther Adventist (Evangelical Trad.)Other Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)Other Baptist (Mainline Trad.)Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad.)Other Congregationalist (Mainline Trad.)Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad.)Other Holiness (Evangelical Trad.)Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" familyOther in the New Age familyOther Lutheran (Evangelical Trad.)Other Lutheran (Mainline Trad.)Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad.)Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)Other Methodist (Mainline Trad.)Other MormonOther Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad.)Other Nondenominational (Mainline Trad.)Other Orthodox ChristianOther Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)Other Presbyterian (Evangelical Trad.)Other Presbyterian (Mainline Trad.)Other Reformed (Evangelical Trad.)Other Reformed (Mainline Trad.)Other Restorationist (Evangelical Trad.)Other Restorationist (Mainline Trad.)Others in "Other Christian" TraditionPagan or WiccanPentecostal Church of GodPentecostal Holiness ChurchPresbyterian Church (USA)Presbyterian Church in AmericaProgressive Baptist ConventionReformed Church in AmericaRussian OrthodoxSeventh-day AdventistSouthern Baptist ConventionSpiritual but not religiousSpiritualistUnitarianUnited Church of ChristUnited Methodist ChurchUnited Pentecostal Church InternationalUnity ChurchWesleyan ChurchWisconsin Evangelical Lutheran SynodSample size
2014< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%3%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%2%2%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%1%< 1%1%1%1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%15%35%< 1%< 1%1%2%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%2%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%2%1%< 1%2%1%5%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%6,641
2007< 1%< 1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%3%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%3%3%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%1%2%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%< 1%14%27%< 1%< 1%1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%< 1%2%1%< 1%1%< 1%1%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%2%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%2%< 1%< 1%2%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1%3%1%< 1%2%2%8%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%5,832
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Episcopal Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), Nothing in particular (religion important), Nothing in particular (religion not important), Presbyterian Church (USA), Southern Baptist Convention, Unitarian, United Church of Christ, United Methodist Church

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are ages…

Religious denomination18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints18%36%24%22%216
Episcopal Church7%27%30%36%248
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)10%32%25%33%189
Nothing in particular (religion important)28%37%24%11%801
Nothing in particular (religion not important)32%36%21%11%2,131
Presbyterian Church (USA)7%23%31%39%158
Southern Baptist Convention20%21%33%26%137
Unitarian15%33%30%22%140
United Church of Christ4%25%38%33%116
United Methodist Church7%21%29%43%467
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints11%14%29%31%14%1%216
Episcopal Church3%7%24%38%25%2%248
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)9%3%30%32%24%3%189
Nothing in particular (religion important)16%21%28%27%7%1%801
Nothing in particular (religion not important)20%19%28%24%7%1%2,131
Presbyterian Church (USA)5%5%20%40%28%2%158
Southern Baptist Convention11%12%18%41%15%3%137
Unitarian11%9%28%33%17%2%140
United Church of Christ< 1%5%24%45%22%5%116
United Methodist Church5%5%18%39%29%4%467
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationMenWomenSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints44%56%220
Episcopal Church40%60%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)41%59%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)48%52%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)56%44%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)39%61%166
Southern Baptist Convention64%36%139
Unitarian35%65%141
United Church of Christ36%64%119
United Methodist Church43%57%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Religious denominationWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints86%< 1%1%5%8%216
Episcopal Church91%3%1%2%2%249
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)97%2%< 1%1%< 1%193
Nothing in particular (religion important)54%15%4%19%7%792
Nothing in particular (religion not important)74%5%6%11%3%2,131
Presbyterian Church (USA)94%2%2%2%< 1%166
Southern Baptist Convention80%12%< 1%3%5%138
Unitarian89%1%< 1%3%8%141
United Church of Christ95%2%< 1%< 1%3%119
United Methodist Church95%1%1%1%2%473
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints3%8%90%219
Episcopal Church6%10%84%249
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)2%8%90%194
Nothing in particular (religion important)18%12%70%803
Nothing in particular (religion not important)14%13%74%2,135
Presbyterian Church (USA)5%7%88%164
Southern Baptist Convention2%3%95%139
Unitarian4%10%85%139
United Church of Christ4%9%87%116
United Methodist Church5%7%88%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Religious denominationLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints24%20%35%21%199
Episcopal Church13%13%35%39%223
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)15%22%33%30%173
Nothing in particular (religion important)41%23%21%15%726
Nothing in particular (religion not important)26%21%29%24%1,949
Presbyterian Church (USA)18%16%30%36%150
Southern Baptist Convention31%18%36%15%126
Unitarian14%6%33%47%132
United Church of Christ21%15%27%37%105
United Methodist Church20%16%31%33%412
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have completed…

Religious denominationHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints23%36%27%14%219
Episcopal Church9%20%35%37%248
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)25%32%23%20%194
Nothing in particular (religion important)46%29%17%8%813
Nothing in particular (religion not important)32%33%21%14%2,156
Presbyterian Church (USA)17%23%28%32%164
Southern Baptist Convention40%39%15%6%139
Unitarian11%18%32%40%141
United Church of Christ25%12%28%34%119
United Methodist Church30%25%25%20%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints66%3%8%5%18%220
Episcopal Church64%4%12%7%12%250
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)64%8%7%8%13%194
Nothing in particular (religion important)42%12%13%5%27%813
Nothing in particular (religion not important)42%10%11%3%34%2,156
Presbyterian Church (USA)65%2%13%11%8%166
Southern Baptist Convention53%5%18%9%15%138
Unitarian55%9%10%8%18%141
United Church of Christ63%7%7%10%13%119
United Methodist Church61%4%15%13%8%472
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationParentsNon-parentsSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints40%60%219
Episcopal Church23%77%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)31%69%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)31%69%813
Nothing in particular (religion not important)24%76%2,153
Presbyterian Church (USA)21%79%166
Southern Baptist Convention26%74%139
Unitarian27%73%141
United Church of Christ18%82%117
United Methodist Church20%80%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they…

Religious denominationBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints82%13%3%< 1%1%< 1%220
Episcopal Church43%36%9%3%7%3%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)52%39%4%< 1%2%2%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)51%30%9%1%7%2%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)14%21%15%1%44%6%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)57%33%6%1%3%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention68%22%4%< 1%4%1%139
Unitarian17%23%20%< 1%32%8%141
United Church of Christ46%42%5%1%2%3%119
United Methodist Church52%34%9%1%3%1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say religion is…

Religious denominationVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints82%14%3%< 1%< 1%220
Episcopal Church36%40%17%6%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)44%41%12%2%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)31%69%< 1%< 1%< 1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)< 1%< 1%44%55%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)43%42%11%1%2%166
Southern Baptist Convention62%30%5%4%< 1%139
Unitarian21%39%29%10%1%141
United Church of Christ52%32%14%1%< 1%119
United Methodist Church47%38%10%4%1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints77%12%10%< 1%220
Episcopal Church28%50%22%< 1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)35%49%16%< 1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)8%39%53%< 1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)1%18%81%< 1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)36%48%16%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention33%41%26%< 1%139
Unitarian25%54%21%< 1%141
United Church of Christ32%43%24%< 1%119
United Methodist Church34%44%22%< 1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who pray…

Religious denominationAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints84%8%3%5%< 1%220
Episcopal Church47%22%9%21%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)51%24%9%15%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)40%21%10%29%1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)9%6%6%79%< 1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)49%29%5%15%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention63%17%6%14%< 1%139
Unitarian18%20%7%55%< 1%141
United Church of Christ46%23%10%20%1%119
United Methodist Church51%22%9%17%1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints71%7%2%19%< 1%220
Episcopal Church10%9%9%71%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)12%9%11%68%< 1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)10%4%8%78%< 1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)1%1%2%96%< 1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)13%12%10%66%< 1%166
Southern Baptist Convention28%9%13%50%< 1%139
Unitarian6%5%14%73%2%141
United Church of Christ8%13%12%67%< 1%119
United Methodist Church14%10%11%66%< 1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who meditate…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints63%9%1%25%2%220
Episcopal Church43%16%3%38%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)34%8%4%53%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)40%11%5%43%1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)23%10%5%61%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)32%16%4%48%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention37%5%3%50%5%139
Unitarian46%12%8%34%< 1%141
United Church of Christ37%15%8%39%1%119
United Methodist Church41%12%6%39%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints80%11%5%3%1%220
Episcopal Church49%23%12%15%2%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)53%18%14%14%< 1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)48%17%12%22%1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)37%15%11%35%2%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)56%18%15%11%< 1%166
Southern Baptist Convention65%11%7%18%< 1%139
Unitarian58%13%12%16%1%141
United Church of Christ53%21%15%9%2%119
United Methodist Church54%19%10%15%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints51%22%13%15%< 1%220
Episcopal Church53%15%16%15%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)50%18%9%21%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)48%14%13%24%< 1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)43%17%13%26%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)43%12%18%26%< 1%166
Southern Baptist Convention44%16%14%23%2%139
Unitarian68%16%9%7%< 1%141
United Church of Christ55%18%11%17%< 1%119
United Methodist Church42%14%18%24%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Religious denominationReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints59%5%27%5%4%220
Episcopal Church15%24%47%10%4%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)17%11%62%7%3%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)13%17%57%11%2%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)2%18%61%18%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)17%20%48%10%5%166
Southern Baptist Convention40%9%45%5%1%139
Unitarian3%34%39%23%< 1%141
United Church of Christ13%17%58%10%1%119
United Methodist Church25%14%51%8%3%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Religious denominationThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints55%45%1%< 1%220
Episcopal Church28%71%2%< 1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)23%77%1%< 1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)26%72%1%2%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)18%80%1%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)27%70%2%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention40%57%3%< 1%139
Unitarian12%86%< 1%1%141
United Church of Christ15%83%< 1%2%119
United Methodist Church26%71%1%1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who read scripture…

Religious denominationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints78%8%2%10%1%220
Episcopal Church18%12%13%57%< 1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)23%12%14%51%< 1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)17%11%9%62%< 1%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)3%3%4%90%< 1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)18%18%9%54%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention48%11%6%35%1%139
Unitarian5%2%12%79%2%141
United Church of Christ18%12%12%57%< 1%119
United Methodist Church26%11%11%52%< 1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Religious denominationWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints27%58%3%8%4%220
Episcopal Church3%25%< 1%68%4%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)7%32%< 1%50%10%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)16%18%1%57%8%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)2%5%< 1%89%4%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)9%34%2%42%12%166
Southern Baptist Convention29%34%< 1%29%7%139
Unitarian< 1%6%< 1%91%3%141
United Church of Christ3%32%< 1%54%11%119
United Methodist Church11%34%2%45%9%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …in heaven

Religious denominationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints90%7%3%220
Episcopal Church51%43%6%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)69%21%10%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)48%45%7%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)16%80%4%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)66%25%9%166
Southern Baptist Convention61%33%6%139
Unitarian12%75%14%141
United Church of Christ57%38%5%119
United Methodist Church66%25%9%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Religious denominationRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints65%12%24%220
Episcopal Church28%13%58%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)40%9%51%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)25%26%49%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)23%21%55%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)33%11%56%166
Southern Baptist Convention61%9%30%139
Unitarian10%2%88%141
United Church of Christ32%11%57%119
United Methodist Church42%10%47%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Religious denominationConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints60%26%13%2%220
Episcopal Church18%37%42%3%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)24%45%28%3%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)22%36%35%7%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)16%34%42%8%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)25%42%29%4%166
Southern Baptist Convention47%27%21%4%139
Unitarian2%18%80%< 1%141
United Church of Christ15%46%38%< 1%119
United Methodist Church32%41%24%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who would rather have…

Religious denominationSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints75%21%2%2%220
Episcopal Church51%44%4%2%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)56%36%5%3%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)46%47%3%3%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)50%43%3%4%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)48%44%3%5%166
Southern Baptist Convention70%27%< 1%3%139
Unitarian23%68%4%5%141
United Church of Christ45%47%5%2%119
United Methodist Church63%31%3%3%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Religious denominationDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints61%37%2%1%220
Episcopal Church32%64%3%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)41%52%5%2%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)39%55%4%2%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)38%58%3%1%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)31%63%2%4%166
Southern Baptist Convention57%40%2%1%139
Unitarian14%85%1%< 1%141
United Church of Christ33%65%< 1%1%119
United Methodist Church44%54%2%1%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Religious denominationLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints32%66%2%220
Episcopal Church86%12%3%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)72%23%5%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)66%29%5%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)80%16%3%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)79%17%4%166
Southern Baptist Convention39%60%2%139
Unitarian95%3%2%141
United Church of Christ85%11%3%119
United Methodist Church74%23%4%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Religious denominationShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints43%50%5%2%220
Episcopal Church91%7%1%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)83%11%5%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)77%17%4%3%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)87%9%2%2%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)81%13%4%2%166
Southern Baptist Convention45%50%5%1%139
Unitarian99%< 1%1%< 1%141
United Church of Christ92%7%< 1%< 1%119
United Methodist Church77%18%3%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Religious denominationStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints31%64%5%220
Episcopal Church86%10%4%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)78%15%7%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)69%23%8%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)84%11%5%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)77%19%4%166
Southern Baptist Convention37%52%11%139
Unitarian97%3%< 1%141
United Church of Christ82%15%3%119
United Methodist Church67%26%6%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Religious denominationStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints55%43%2%1%220
Episcopal Church19%78%1%1%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)34%62%3%1%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)30%63%3%4%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)24%73%2%2%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)35%62%3%1%166
Southern Baptist Convention45%51%2%1%139
Unitarian6%92%1%< 1%141
United Church of Christ21%78%< 1%1%119
United Methodist Church34%61%3%2%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious denomination

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say humans…

Religious denominationEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints12%35%1%49%4%220
Episcopal Church58%30%3%7%2%251
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA)36%36%4%19%4%195
Nothing in particular (religion important)41%24%5%28%3%815
Nothing in particular (religion not important)76%9%4%9%2%2,163
Presbyterian Church (USA)51%27%2%17%3%166
Southern Baptist Convention18%34%1%45%3%139
Unitarian81%8%4%6%1%141
United Church of Christ50%21%7%22%1%119
United Methodist Church35%31%4%25%5%475
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.