Survey yearStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201447%48%2%3%306
200733%59%3%5%320
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy, Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are ages…

Views about environmental regulation18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy11%24%34%31%138
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost14%21%36%30%146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy9%3%24%44%20%1%138
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost12%5%17%42%21%2%146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationMenWomenSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy49%51%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost46%54%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who identify as…

Views about environmental regulationWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy84%2%4%6%4%140
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost76%10%7%2%4%146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy5%9%86%142
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost6%12%82%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who have a household income of…

Views about environmental regulationLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy20%15%41%23%120
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost33%20%27%20%126
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who have completed…

Views about environmental regulationHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy29%35%21%15%141
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost32%33%23%12%147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy69%5%9%6%11%142
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost48%3%15%10%23%147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationParentsNon-parentsSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy27%73%142
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost15%85%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say they…

Views about environmental regulationBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy84%11%2%1%1%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost84%13%1%< 1%< 1%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say religion is…

Views about environmental regulationVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy74%21%5%< 1%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost69%26%4%1%< 1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who attend religious services…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy52%36%11%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost44%40%16%< 1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who pray…

Views about environmental regulationAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy80%14%3%3%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost64%21%6%7%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who attend prayer group…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy41%10%10%39%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost25%18%13%44%< 1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who meditate…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy35%9%3%50%3%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost50%9%4%35%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy75%13%5%6%2%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost63%20%5%12%< 1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy59%16%7%17%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost41%20%14%24%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Views about environmental regulationReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy65%3%29%2%1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost34%9%43%12%2%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say…

Views about environmental regulationThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy56%41%2%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost25%71%1%2%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who read scripture…

Views about environmental regulationAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy53%11%10%26%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost45%21%6%29%< 1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say the holy scripture is…

Views about environmental regulationWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy48%35%5%7%4%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost30%47%3%18%2%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who …in heaven

Views about environmental regulationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy81%8%11%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost85%8%7%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who …in hell

Views about environmental regulationBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy63%27%10%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost71%21%7%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who identify as…

Views about environmental regulationRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy78%6%16%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost34%17%48%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who are…

Views about environmental regulationConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy69%22%5%3%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost29%44%22%5%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who would rather have…

Views about environmental regulationSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy88%11%< 1%< 1%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost59%37%2%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say government aid to the poor…

Views about environmental regulationDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy76%21%< 1%4%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost41%55%3%1%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say abortion should be…

Views about environmental regulationLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy38%56%6%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost63%32%5%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say homosexuality…

Views about environmental regulationShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy31%57%5%8%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost63%28%3%7%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who …same-sex marriage

Views about environmental regulationStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy21%66%13%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost56%32%12%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition by views about environmental protection

% of presbyterians in the Evangelical Tradition who say humans…

Views about environmental regulationEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy11%29%3%51%5%143
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost17%42%5%34%2%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.