Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by religious group
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Religious tradition
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Catholic
25%
34%
34%
6%
310
Jewish
14%
36%
49%
< 1%
118
Mainline Protestant
23%
42%
29%
6%
277
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
15%
41%
38%
6%
850
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are ages…
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Political ideology
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Conservative
29%
29%
23%
18%
311
Moderate
36%
36%
16%
12%
677
Liberal
36%
32%
21%
11%
719
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Political ideology
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Conservative
22%
13%
23%
28%
13%
1%
311
Moderate
22%
22%
28%
19%
8%
1%
677
Liberal
23%
21%
25%
25%
6%
1%
719
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Political ideology
Men
Women
Sample size
Conservative
70%
30%
316
Moderate
65%
35%
688
Liberal
50%
50%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who identify as…
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Political ideology
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Conservative
62%
6%
9%
21%
3%
309
Moderate
69%
4%
6%
17%
3%
681
Liberal
67%
5%
10%
16%
3%
720
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Political ideology
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Conservative
24%
10%
66%
314
Moderate
16%
16%
68%
676
Liberal
21%
16%
63%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who have a household income of…
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Political ideology
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Conservative
39%
20%
25%
17%
279
Moderate
31%
16%
25%
28%
617
Liberal
29%
17%
25%
29%
671
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who have completed…
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Political ideology
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Conservative
55%
27%
12%
6%
314
Moderate
34%
31%
20%
15%
684
Liberal
32%
23%
24%
21%
724
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Political ideology
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Conservative
45%
10%
9%
6%
29%
314
Moderate
41%
9%
10%
4%
37%
686
Liberal
39%
12%
8%
4%
37%
724
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who are…
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Political ideology
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Conservative
27%
73%
316
Moderate
27%
73%
683
Liberal
24%
76%
724
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say religion is…
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Political ideology
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
17%
37%
28%
18%
< 1%
316
Moderate
6%
29%
43%
22%
1%
688
Liberal
10%
29%
39%
22%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who attend religious services…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
9%
36%
55%
< 1%
316
Moderate
4%
39%
56%
< 1%
688
Liberal
8%
34%
58%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who pray…
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Political ideology
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
28%
13%
12%
47%
< 1%
316
Moderate
11%
11%
12%
65%
< 1%
688
Liberal
16%
14%
10%
59%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who attend prayer group…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
6%
6%
7%
80%
1%
316
Moderate
1%
5%
3%
91%
< 1%
688
Liberal
5%
3%
5%
86%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who meditate…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
23%
9%
4%
64%
< 1%
316
Moderate
21%
11%
8%
60%
1%
688
Liberal
24%
13%
7%
55%
1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
31%
13%
11%
44%
< 1%
316
Moderate
28%
17%
16%
38%
1%
688
Liberal
34%
20%
15%
30%
1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
47%
10%
16%
27%
< 1%
316
Moderate
42%
18%
18%
22%
1%
688
Liberal
48%
17%
13%
22%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
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Political ideology
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
8%
15%
63%
13%
1%
316
Moderate
3%
21%
60%
15%
1%
688
Liberal
6%
25%
49%
18%
2%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say…
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Political ideology
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
28%
69%
2%
1%
316
Moderate
18%
80%
1%
1%
688
Liberal
16%
83%
1%
1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who read scripture…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
11%
10%
6%
73%
< 1%
316
Moderate
4%
5%
8%
83%
< 1%
688
Liberal
5%
6%
6%
82%
< 1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say the holy scripture is…
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Political ideology
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
9%
18%
< 1%
63%
9%
316
Moderate
4%
8%
< 1%
82%
6%
688
Liberal
5%
8%
< 1%
80%
6%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who …in heaven
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
54%
35%
11%
316
Moderate
39%
48%
13%
688
Liberal
35%
54%
11%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who …in hell
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
43%
46%
11%
316
Moderate
26%
63%
11%
688
Liberal
23%
69%
8%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who identify as…
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Political ideology
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Conservative
51%
17%
31%
316
Moderate
28%
19%
54%
688
Liberal
9%
10%
81%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who would rather have…
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Political ideology
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
62%
33%
4%
2%
316
Moderate
55%
37%
4%
4%
688
Liberal
27%
66%
4%
3%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say government aid to the poor…
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Political ideology
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
57%
41%
2%
1%
316
Moderate
41%
54%
4%
2%
688
Liberal
21%
74%
3%
2%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say abortion should be…
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Political ideology
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
63%
34%
3%
316
Moderate
78%
19%
3%
688
Liberal
84%
14%
2%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say homosexuality…
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Political ideology
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
69%
26%
3%
1%
316
Moderate
86%
10%
2%
3%
688
Liberal
88%
9%
1%
1%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who …same-sex marriage
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Political ideology
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
58%
34%
8%
316
Moderate
80%
14%
5%
688
Liberal
88%
9%
4%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say…
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Political ideology
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
51%
46%
2%
1%
316
Moderate
29%
67%
3%
2%
688
Liberal
17%
80%
1%
2%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain by political ideology
% of adults who believe in God and are not too or not at all certain who say humans…
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Political ideology
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
59%
12%
6%
22%
2%
316
Moderate
71%
11%
5%
12%
2%
688
Liberal
71%
12%
4%
11%
2%
726
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.