Belief in Heaven among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who …in heaven

Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201462%31%7%18,708
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

Belief in Heaven among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by religious group

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who …in heaven

Religious traditionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Buddhist45%47%8%231
Catholic83%12%5%4,011
Evangelical Protestant89%6%5%2,227
Hindu48%46%5%126
Historically Black Protestant91%6%3%740
Jewish31%58%11%689
Mainline Protestant76%16%9%3,464
Mormon89%6%5%155
Muslim81%12%7%105
Orthodox Christian74%14%12%105
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")31%60%9%5,996
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are ages…

Belief in Heaven18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe29%35%24%12%10,692
Don't believe31%36%21%12%6,319
Other/don't know26%33%25%16%1,408
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe19%17%28%28%7%1%10,692
Don't believe19%20%27%25%7%1%6,319
Other/don't know16%17%26%30%10%1%1,408
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenMenWomenSample size
Believe41%59%10,848
Don't believe56%44%6,394
Other/don't know48%52%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who identify as…

Belief in HeavenWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe63%12%4%17%4%10,755
Don't believe74%4%6%12%4%6,308
Other/don't know74%5%3%13%6%1,428
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe14%12%74%10,720
Don't believe15%14%72%6,335
Other/don't know11%12%77%1,441
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who have a household income of…

Belief in HeavenLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Believe36%20%26%18%9,631
Don't believe23%18%30%29%5,824
Other/don't know32%19%23%25%1,226
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who have completed…

Belief in HeavenHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe39%34%17%10%10,811
Don't believe25%30%26%20%6,371
Other/don't know30%34%21%15%1,451
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe43%10%12%5%30%10,818
Don't believe43%11%11%3%32%6,370
Other/don't know43%9%13%5%31%1,447
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe31%69%10,816
Don't believe25%75%6,377
Other/don't know26%74%1,459
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say they…

Belief in HeavenBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Believe66%27%5%1%1%1%10,848
Don't believe16%20%13%1%46%5%6,394
Other/don't know34%30%13%1%6%15%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say religion is…

Belief in HeavenVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe50%36%10%4%< 1%10,848
Don't believe11%19%26%45%1%6,394
Other/don't know24%34%26%14%2%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who attend religious services…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe29%44%27%< 1%10,848
Don't believe6%26%68%< 1%6,394
Other/don't know13%35%50%1%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who pray…

Belief in HeavenAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe55%22%8%15%< 1%10,848
Don't believe15%9%5%70%< 1%6,394
Other/don't know33%16%9%39%3%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who attend prayer group…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe16%10%10%64%< 1%10,848
Don't believe4%3%4%89%< 1%6,394
Other/don't know8%5%6%79%2%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who meditate…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe35%9%4%50%1%10,848
Don't believe29%11%6%53%1%6,394
Other/don't know32%10%5%50%2%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe56%18%12%14%1%10,848
Don't believe40%17%11%31%1%6,394
Other/don't know48%15%13%22%3%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe43%17%14%25%1%10,848
Don't believe51%17%13%18%1%6,394
Other/don't know51%16%11%19%2%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in HeavenReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe25%12%53%9%2%10,848
Don't believe4%22%52%21%2%6,394
Other/don't know9%20%55%11%5%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say…

Belief in HeavenThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe26%73%1%1%10,848
Don't believe17%81%1%1%6,394
Other/don't know19%77%2%1%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who read scripture…

Belief in HeavenAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe27%13%10%50%< 1%10,848
Don't believe7%5%7%81%< 1%6,394
Other/don't know14%8%8%68%2%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in HeavenWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe23%37%2%31%8%10,848
Don't believe2%6%< 1%87%4%6,394
Other/don't know5%14%1%60%20%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who …in hell

Belief in HeavenBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe69%26%5%10,848
Don't believe3%96%1%6,394
Other/don't know11%32%56%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who identify as…

Belief in HeavenRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe31%17%52%10,848
Don't believe18%16%66%6,394
Other/don't know23%25%53%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who are…

Belief in HeavenConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe26%41%27%5%10,848
Don't believe11%34%50%4%6,394
Other/don't know17%41%34%9%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who would rather have…

Belief in HeavenSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe45%50%2%3%10,848
Don't believe43%50%4%3%6,394
Other/don't know42%43%7%9%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in HeavenDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe39%56%3%1%10,848
Don't believe28%68%3%1%6,394
Other/don't know32%58%6%3%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say abortion should be…

Belief in HeavenLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe65%32%3%10,848
Don't believe86%12%2%6,394
Other/don't know77%18%5%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say homosexuality…

Belief in HeavenShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe91%6%2%1%10,848
Don't believe96%2%1%1%6,394
Other/don't know92%4%3%1%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say…

Belief in HeavenStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe32%64%2%2%10,848
Don't believe18%78%2%2%6,394
Other/don't know23%69%4%4%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage by belief in heaven

% of adults who strongly favor or favor gay marriage who say humans…

Belief in HeavenEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe32%35%4%26%3%10,848
Don't believe79%9%3%8%1%6,394
Other/don't know52%18%12%12%7%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.