Immigrant status among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by religious group

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Religious traditionImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Catholic27%17%56%723
Evangelical Protestant15%10%76%405
Historically Black Protestant6%4%89%110
Jewish12%16%72%144
Mainline Protestant6%7%87%640
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")13%16%71%1,381
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Immigrants, Second generation, Third generation or higher

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are ages…

Immigrant status18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Immigrants33%40%17%9%465
Second generation52%23%14%10%473
Third generation or higher29%34%24%13%2,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Immigrant statusYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Immigrants20%22%32%20%6%< 1%465
Second generation42%16%18%16%6%2%473
Third generation or higher18%18%27%28%8%1%2,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Immigrant statusMenWomenSample size
Immigrants46%54%469
Second generation54%46%483
Third generation or higher56%44%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who identify as…

Immigrant statusWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Immigrants24%6%23%45%2%466
Second generation43%6%14%33%4%477
Third generation or higher81%9%< 1%6%4%2,848
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who have a household income of…

Immigrant statusLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Immigrants41%16%19%23%402
Second generation31%20%26%24%428
Third generation or higher28%18%29%25%2,631
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who have completed…

Immigrant statusHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Immigrants39%23%20%18%467
Second generation28%38%18%17%483
Third generation or higher26%33%24%16%2,877
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Immigrant statusMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Immigrants48%7%11%3%31%466
Second generation26%9%9%3%51%482
Third generation or higher42%10%13%4%31%2,875
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Immigrant statusParentsNon-parentsSample size
Immigrants35%65%468
Second generation14%86%483
Third generation or higher25%75%2,880
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say they…

Immigrant statusBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Immigrants44%26%11%1%15%3%469
Second generation38%25%15%< 1%18%3%483
Third generation or higher42%26%9%1%17%4%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say religion is…

Immigrant statusVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Immigrants38%32%15%15%1%469
Second generation24%36%20%20%1%483
Third generation or higher30%30%19%20%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who attend religious services…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants24%38%37%< 1%469
Second generation15%40%45%1%483
Third generation or higher18%38%44%< 1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who pray…

Immigrant statusAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants41%19%8%32%< 1%469
Second generation33%20%8%38%1%483
Third generation or higher36%18%8%37%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who attend prayer group…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants18%11%10%60%1%469
Second generation8%9%5%78%1%483
Third generation or higher11%7%8%74%< 1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who meditate…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants44%11%4%38%3%469
Second generation39%13%5%41%1%483
Third generation or higher39%11%6%44%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants52%18%13%15%3%469
Second generation51%19%8%21%1%483
Third generation or higher50%19%11%19%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants51%16%17%16%2%469
Second generation59%15%12%14%1%483
Third generation or higher56%17%11%15%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say…

Immigrant statusThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants23%74%2%2%469
Second generation16%82%1%< 1%483
Third generation or higher25%73%2%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who read scripture…

Immigrant statusAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Immigrants28%12%8%51%< 1%469
Second generation18%10%9%62%1%483
Third generation or higher18%12%10%59%< 1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is…

Immigrant statusWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants18%25%2%48%7%469
Second generation9%19%1%64%7%483
Third generation or higher11%22%1%58%7%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …in heaven

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants60%31%9%469
Second generation50%41%9%483
Third generation or higher52%38%10%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …in hell

Immigrant statusBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Immigrants45%47%8%469
Second generation34%58%7%483
Third generation or higher36%56%8%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who identify as…

Immigrant statusRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Immigrants19%28%53%469
Second generation23%15%61%483
Third generation or higher30%14%56%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who are…

Immigrant statusConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Immigrants18%34%41%7%469
Second generation15%38%46%1%483
Third generation or higher22%37%38%4%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who would rather have…

Immigrant statusSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Immigrants33%61%3%3%469
Second generation44%51%2%3%483
Third generation or higher49%44%4%3%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say government aid to the poor…

Immigrant statusDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants30%63%5%2%469
Second generation27%69%3%1%483
Third generation or higher34%61%4%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say abortion should be…

Immigrant statusLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Immigrants59%37%4%469
Second generation75%22%3%483
Third generation or higher72%26%3%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say homosexuality…

Immigrant statusShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants78%15%5%2%469
Second generation89%7%2%2%483
Third generation or higher83%13%3%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who …same-sex marriage

Immigrant statusStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Immigrants72%21%7%469
Second generation83%13%4%483
Third generation or higher78%18%4%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say…

Immigrant statusStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Immigrants28%66%2%4%469
Second generation22%75%1%2%483
Third generation or higher25%71%3%1%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong by immigrant status

% of adults who say philosophy/reason is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say humans…

Immigrant statusEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Immigrants46%23%4%22%5%469
Second generation58%21%5%14%1%483
Third generation or higher54%25%5%14%2%2,885
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.