Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Survey yearReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
201414%17%52%15%2%12,839
200712%16%60%9%3%10,938
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious group

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Religious traditionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Buddhist4%35%40%15%6%192
Catholic20%12%53%14%2%2,080
Evangelical Protestant37%11%44%6%2%957
Hindu3%21%53%21%1%118
Historically Black Protestant30%11%50%8%1%225
Jehovah's Witness81%1%13%2%4%215
Jewish10%19%52%16%3%637
Mainline Protestant16%16%57%9%3%2,056
Mormon57%5%28%5%5%227
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")3%20%55%20%1%5,272
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, Science

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are ages…

Sources of guidance on right and wrong18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Religion15%30%32%23%1,695
Philosophy/reason32%33%22%12%2,252
Common sense24%34%24%18%6,353
Science29%36%20%14%1,973
Don't know15%24%31%31%328
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Religion9%12%24%39%14%2%1,695
Philosophy/reason22%17%27%26%8%1%2,252
Common sense15%17%27%29%11%1%6,353
Science19%18%29%24%9%1%1,973
Don't know8%10%21%37%21%4%328
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongMenWomenSample size
Religion37%63%1,734
Philosophy/reason56%44%2,287
Common sense51%49%6,467
Science59%41%2,004
Don't know50%50%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Religion60%12%2%23%4%1,707
Philosophy/reason73%6%6%12%4%2,261
Common sense73%7%5%12%3%6,381
Science69%5%8%16%4%1,976
Don't know74%4%3%14%6%327
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Religion20%11%69%1,717
Philosophy/reason14%15%72%2,270
Common sense13%12%75%6,401
Science23%13%64%1,978
Don't know14%13%73%343
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have a household income of…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Religion39%21%24%16%1,505
Philosophy/reason24%17%29%29%2,097
Common sense28%20%29%24%5,746
Science25%17%29%29%1,820
Don't know25%26%25%25%255
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have completed…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Religion45%27%15%12%1,724
Philosophy/reason22%30%26%22%2,281
Common sense36%31%20%13%6,437
Science25%27%26%22%1,991
Don't know25%29%25%21%345
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Religion53%5%14%8%20%1,728
Philosophy/reason42%10%13%3%32%2,279
Common sense45%10%12%6%27%6,449
Science46%10%9%3%31%1,989
Don't know53%5%14%9%20%339
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongParentsNon-parentsSample size
Religion28%72%1,725
Philosophy/reason22%78%2,282
Common sense26%74%6,453
Science27%73%2,000
Don't know21%79%344
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Religion78%16%3%1%2%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason27%25%13%1%30%4%2,287
Common sense34%27%10%1%25%4%6,467
Science19%21%11%< 1%45%4%2,004
Don't know49%19%5%2%15%9%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say religion is…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Religion79%14%3%2%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason18%27%24%30%1%2,287
Common sense21%30%22%27%1%6,467
Science14%21%21%44%< 1%2,004
Don't know46%19%12%19%5%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend religious services…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion58%28%14%< 1%1,734
Philosophy/reason11%33%55%< 1%2,287
Common sense12%34%54%< 1%6,467
Science9%30%61%< 1%2,004
Don't know30%27%40%3%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who pray…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion77%12%3%7%< 1%1,734
Philosophy/reason26%14%7%53%< 1%2,287
Common sense28%15%8%49%1%6,467
Science17%11%7%64%< 1%2,004
Don't know46%12%5%32%5%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend prayer group…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion43%10%8%38%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason7%5%6%81%< 1%2,287
Common sense7%4%5%83%< 1%6,467
Science5%3%5%87%< 1%2,004
Don't know22%5%5%66%2%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who meditate…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion54%7%3%34%2%1,734
Philosophy/reason38%13%6%42%1%2,287
Common sense30%10%5%54%1%6,467
Science26%10%6%57%1%2,004
Don't know50%9%3%33%5%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion74%10%6%9%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason48%19%11%21%1%2,287
Common sense43%16%12%28%1%6,467
Science39%16%12%31%1%2,004
Don't know59%14%7%14%6%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion52%14%11%20%2%1,734
Philosophy/reason60%16%11%12%< 1%2,287
Common sense43%16%15%26%1%6,467
Science50%17%13%19%< 1%2,004
Don't know60%10%9%15%5%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion41%57%1%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason20%78%1%1%2,287
Common sense20%78%1%1%6,467
Science18%81%< 1%1%2,004
Don't know26%62%6%6%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who read scripture…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Religion56%11%5%26%1%1,734
Philosophy/reason13%9%9%69%< 1%2,287
Common sense11%7%8%74%1%6,467
Science7%5%7%80%< 1%2,004
Don't know27%8%7%55%2%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Religion36%37%3%17%7%1,734
Philosophy/reason4%13%< 1%78%5%2,287
Common sense8%17%1%68%7%6,467
Science5%8%< 1%82%5%2,004
Don't know12%16%6%44%22%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …in heaven

Sources of guidance on right and wrongBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Religion67%27%6%1,734
Philosophy/reason28%66%6%2,287
Common sense38%56%5%6,467
Science22%74%3%2,004
Don't know40%50%9%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Religion35%28%37%1,734
Philosophy/reason21%15%65%2,287
Common sense28%19%53%6,467
Science18%16%66%2,004
Don't know16%34%50%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Religion39%26%22%13%1,734
Philosophy/reason13%34%50%3%2,287
Common sense21%38%35%6%6,467
Science14%35%48%3%2,004
Don't know19%29%32%20%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who would rather have…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Religion49%44%3%4%1,734
Philosophy/reason43%51%3%3%2,287
Common sense52%42%3%3%6,467
Science41%53%3%3%2,004
Don't know31%37%12%20%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion42%53%3%2%1,734
Philosophy/reason25%71%3%1%2,287
Common sense40%55%3%2%6,467
Science28%68%3%1%2,004
Don't know20%56%16%8%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say abortion should be…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Religion39%56%5%1,734
Philosophy/reason82%16%2%2,287
Common sense76%21%3%6,467
Science81%16%3%2,004
Don't know63%17%20%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say homosexuality…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion51%41%5%4%1,734
Philosophy/reason91%5%3%1%2,287
Common sense82%13%3%2%6,467
Science89%8%2%2%2,004
Don't know69%14%7%10%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage

Sources of guidance on right and wrongStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Religion42%50%8%1,734
Philosophy/reason88%9%3%2,287
Common sense77%17%6%6,467
Science85%12%3%2,004
Don't know64%19%17%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Religion38%54%3%4%1,734
Philosophy/reason19%77%2%2%2,287
Common sense30%66%2%2%6,467
Science19%78%1%2%2,004
Don't know18%61%12%9%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Hell by sources of guidance on right and wrong

% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say humans…

Sources of guidance on right and wrongEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Religion17%27%4%48%5%1,734
Philosophy/reason70%17%3%8%2%2,287
Common sense58%18%4%17%3%6,467
Science76%10%3%9%1%2,004
Don't know37%19%18%13%13%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.